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A. a.(1)(a) i) a)S%&'(Vm$0   (,!$0  0` (#(#  (@$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (# `   A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)jo4Tech InitInitialize Technical StyleS *  1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 S CuyTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 ##Xd#  3sy1Right-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|x*<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@($ d2s*Et*u*v*w*x*y*Dz*{* |*D}*~****U* ** **D*D***D**D**D*D******D*D*D*D*D*D*V*D*D*D***E*D**Ds$XgLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5((3R$ /!      0  HP LaserJet 5Si,,,,,,0(#$  0  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5&0 d d===='dxd<*&Diagonal CrosshatchddFd    ddZdPd2d dd  d(O$<09Z .Courier New RegularP Pd>c$"Small Circle"0 dd<09Z .Courier New Regular t    \R3'\dTable_B \\R3' Letter\<6X9`(Courier NewTable_A(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular Meshdd t    \R'3\Table_C<4 9Z .Courier New RegularTable_A&p Pd d&p d Pd>Thick/Thin 2[ d -d<09Z .Courier New Regular<09Z .Courier New Regular.U 5R$    1    ݛ_JXN XhX(SeeAppendixB,TableC)#XN XXJXN Z#   5R$    1    _oX&XhX(SeeAppendixB,TableC)#pX&XXJX&Y#   t    \R3'\Table_DTable_ETable_A d<09Z .Courier New Regular<6X9`("Courier NewTT 5R$    1    _sX&XhX(SeeAppendixB,TableC)#tX&XXJX&Y#  <09Z .Courier New Regular<6X9`("Courier NewTT /!  _  8@XXdd8  AV S/р**BillingCode:491060***P***P**  Ѐ(#(#K(#  @\ \  DEPARTMENTOFTRANSPORTATION    @ ResearchandSpecialProgramsAdministration@hh#49_CFR_ԀPart195@@ @ [DocketNo.PS144;Amendment195*xx]**65]*@,,"[_RIN_Ԁ2137AC78]  RiskBasedAlternativetoPressureTestingOlderHazardousLiquidandCarbonDioxidePipelinesRule  h    AGENCY: ResearchandSpecialProgramsAdministration(_RSPA_),  \ 0  DOT. (#(#  ACTION: Finalrule.   SUMMARY: Thisfinalruleallowsoperatorsofolderhazardous  liquidandcarbondioxidepipelinestoelectariskbasedalternativeinlieuoftheexistingrule.Theexistingrulerequiresthehydrostaticpressuretestingofcertainolderpipelines.Theriskbasedalternativewouldallowoperatorstoelectanapproachtoevaluatingtheintegrityoftheselinesthattakesintoaccountindividualriskfactors.Thiswouldallow*  +<'*  *operatorstofocusresourcesonhigherriskpipelinesandeffectagreaterreductionintheoverallriskfrompipelineaccidents. DATE: Thisfinalruletakeseffect [insertdateofpublicationin (  theFederalRegister] . (   FORFURTHERINFORMATIONCONTACT: Mike_Israni_,(202)3664571,or    email:mike.israni@rspa.dot.gov,regardingthesubjectmatterofthisproposedrule,orDocketsUnit(202)3664046,forcopiesofthisfinalruledocumentorothermaterialinthedocket. SUPPLEMENTARYINFORMATION:  t   Background   ЀOnJune7,1994,_RSPA_Ԁpublishedafinalrule, PressureTestingOlderHazardousLiquidandCarbonDioxidePipelines,(_Amdt_.19551;59FR29379)toensurethatcertainolderpipelineshaveanadequatesafetymarginbetween+theirmaximumoperatingpressureandtestpressure.ThissafetymarginistobeprovidedbypressuretestingaccordingtoPart195standardsoroperationat80percentorlessofaqualifiedpriortestoroperatingpressure.ThepipelinescoveredbytherulearesteelinterstatepipelinesconstructedbeforeJanuary8,1971,steelinterstate -d'* + +8@XXdXXd8 +  _offshoregatheringlinesconstructedbeforeAugust1,1977,orsteelintrastatepipelinesconstructedbeforeOctober21,1985,thattransporthazardousliquidssubjecttoPart195.AlsocoveredaresteelcarbondioxidepipelinesconstructedbeforeJuly12,1991,subjecttoPart195.̀OnJune23,1995,theAmericanPetroleumInstitute(API)filedapetitiononbehalfofmanyliquidpipelineoperatorsthatproposedariskbasedalternativetotherequiredpressuretestingrule.APIindicatedthatitsproposalwouldallowoperatorstofocusresourcesonhigherriskpipelinesandtoeffectagreaterreductionintheoverallriskfrompipelineaccidents.̀InordertodeterminewhethertheAPIproposalhadmerit,RSPAheldapublicmeetingonMarch25,1996.OnMay8andNovember7,1996,andonMay17,1997,RSPAbriefedtheTechnicalHazardousLiquidPipelineSafetyStandardsCommittee(THLPSSC)ontheAPIproposalandstepstakenbyRSPAtodevelopaproposedrule.Asdiscussedinmoredetailbelow,RSPAfindsconsiderablemeritinariskbasedapproachtopressuretestingofolderhazardousliquidpipelines.Itprovidesacceleratedtestingof -`'* electricresistancewelded(ERW)pipe,incorporatestheuseofnewtechnology,andprovidesforcontinuinginternalinspectionofolderpipelinesthroughapiggingprogram.RSPAhasbeenworkingactivelywiththepipelineindustrytodevelopariskmanagementframeworkforpipelineregulations.TheAPIproposalisconsistentwiththeriskassessmentandmanagementapproachtosafety.TheAPIproposalprovidesanopportunitytopilotariskbasedapproachinarulemakingforum.Accordingly,thisfinalrulerequiresariskbasedalternativetothepressuretestingrulethathasbeenmodeledaftertheAPIproposal.RSPAhasextendedtimeforcompliancewiththepressuretestingruleinordertoallowcompletionofthisfinalruleonariskbasedalternative.Thedeadlineforcomplyingwith195.302(c)(1)isextendedtoDecember7,1998.Thedeadlineforcomplyingwith195.302(c)(2)(_Ԣi_)isextendedtoDecember7,2000.Thedeadlineforcomplyingwith195.302(c)(2)(ii)isextendedtoDecember7,2003.[62FR54591;October21,1997]. Majorfeaturesofriskbasedalternative *#&   +h%( _ Theriskbasedalternativetotherulerequiringthepressure h  testingofolderpipelineshassixmainfeatures:1.Highestpriorityisgiventothehighestriskfacilities;   lowestriskfacilitiesareexceptedfromadditionalmeasures.Pre1970electricresistancewelded(ERW)and_Ԣlapwelded_ԀJXN XXXpipelines 0  susceptibletolongitudinalseamfailures#XN XXJXN $#Ԁexhibitthehighest   potentialriskbecauseoftheircombinationofprobabilityoffailureandpotentialforlargervolumereleasesasevidencedbyhistoricalrecords.Pressuretestingistheonlyavailabletechnologyforverifyingtheintegrityofpre1970ERWand_Ԣlapwelded_Ԁpipelines,becauseitcandetectthetypeofseamfailuresendemictosomeERWandall_Ԣlapwelded_Ԁpipe.Thisriskbasedalternativerequiresacceleratedtestingofpre1970ERWand_Ԣlapwelded_Ԁpipesusceptibletolongitudinalseamfailureincertainlocations(riskclassificationCandB)wherepeopleandenvironmentmightbesignificantlyaffected.However,inlocations(riskclassificationA)whereconsequencestothepublicorenvironmentarelesssignificant,theriskbasedalternativeallowsdelayedtestingforpre1970ERWand_Ԣlapwelded_pipesusceptibletolongitudinalfailureandallowstheoperator P-&* todeterminetheneedforpressuretestingofothertypesofpipe.2.Consequencefactorssuchaslocation(populationand   environment),producttype,andreleasepotentialaretakenintoconsiderationwhensettingtestingpriorities. x  Thisriskbasedalternativetakesintoaccountthemostsignificantvariablesthatmayimpacttheseverityofarelease,i.e.,locationwithrespecttopopulatedandenvironmentallyϢsensitiveJXN XhXN 1#XN XXJXN #Ԁareas,thenatureoftheproducttransported,andthe  potentialvolumeofproductrelease.Historically,averysmallpercentageofreleasesadverselyimpactedpublicsafetyandenvironment.Bytakingthesepotentialconsequencesintoconsiderationinthetimingoftests,anoperatorsresourceswillbemoreeffectivelyappliedtoreducerisks.JXN XXXN Ԅ1J 6 XJXN  Environmentallysensitiveareas# 6  J 6#J 6   6isnotcurrentlydefined,but 4$  operatorsareencouragedtousetheirbestjudgmentinapplyingthisfactor.Thisfactormaybedefinedinfuturerulemaking.# 6  J 6#J 6   6Ԁ# 6  J 6 ##XN X  6# 'T!$ 3.Bestavailabletechnologyisappliedtoverifypipeline X+$( integrity. -&* ЇTheriskbasedalternativeencouragestheuseofthemosteffectivemeanstoensurepipelineintegrity.Thisruleutilizesthestrengthoftwoprimarytechnologiespressuretestingandmagneticfluxleakage/ultrasonicinternalinspectiondevices.Eachtechnologyprovidestestingadvantagesinparticularcircumstances.Thisruleallowstheoperatortoevaluatethepipelineriskconsiderationsandtochoosethemostappropriatetechnology.4.Timingoftestsisbasedonrisk. H *   `     h      p      x *Consideringtheprobabilityandconsequencefactors,theriskbasedruleincreasesthepriorityofalimitedamountofpre1970ϢERWandall_Ԣlapwelded_ԀpipelinesandmaintainsthethreeyeartimingforriskclassificationBandClineswhichrepresentthehighestrisktopeopleandenvironment.Pipelineswithlowerrisks(riskclassificationA)areallowedalongertestingscheduleorareeliminated(nonhighriskpre1970ERWpipelines)fromamandatorytestingrequirement.Nothinginthisruleprecludesanoperatorfromacceleratingtheseschedulesbasedontheirpipelineoperatingandmaintenancehistory. -8'* 5.Reducestestwaterrequirements h This**rule**wouldallowoperatorsoptionsthatrequirelesstestwaterandgeneratelesswaterrequiringtreatment.6.Providesanopportunityto**reduceoperatingcostsand |  maintainthenecessarymarginsofsafetybyapplying**theriskbased**concept.**Acceptanceandimplementationofthis**rule**providesan \ opportunitytopilotariskbasedapproachtoregulation.OPSanticipatesincreaseduseofriskbasedapproachesinfuture**rulemakings.**** Proposed**Rule** $   RSPApublishedanNPRM(63FR5918;February5,1998), #L  proposingtoaddanewsectiontoPart195entitled Riskbasedalternativetopressuretesting.NPRMalsoproposedthatexistingsections195.303 Testpressure,and195.304 Testingofcomponentswouldberenumberedas195.304and195.305respectively.ThecommentperiodclosedApril6,1998. -&* ТCommentersincludedanindustryassociation,twopipelineoperatingcompaniesandasafetyconsultant. AdvisoryCommitteeReview    ̀OnMay6,1998,RSPAsubmittedtheproposedruleandregulatoryevaluationtotheTechnicalHazardousLiquidPipelineSafetyStandardsCommittee(THLPSSC).EachproposedhazardousliquidpipelinesafetystandardmustbesubmittedtotheTHLPSSCforCommitteesviewastoitstechnicalfeasibility,reasonableness,costeffectiveness,andpracticability.Atthemeeting,theϢTHLPSSCdeclinedtoapprovetheproposedruleandunanimouslyrequestedthatenvironmentallysensitiveareasbeincludedwithintheconsequencefactorsforsettingtestingpriorities.Somemembersarguedthatnotincludinganenvironmentalfactoratthistimewouldresultinmanysegmentsofpipelineremaininguntestedformanymoreyears.TheCommitteeaskedthattheproposedruleberesubmittedforconsiderationthroughamailballot.OnMay12,1998,RSPAsentletterballotstoTHLPSSCmemberstovoteonrevisedlanguagetobeincludedinthefinalrule.RSPAreceived10of12ballots.All10membersvotedtoapprovetheproposedruleprovidedtherevisedlanguagewas -H'* _included.TheTHLPSSCalsorecommendeddiscussioninthepreambletothefinalruleoftheneedtoincludeconsiderationofenvironmentallysensitiveareasevenbeforeacleardefinitionofthetermisdeveloped.RSPAdidnotincludeanenvironmentalfactorintheproposedrulebecauseofthelackofagreementonadefinition.FollowingpublicbriefingsontheprogressoftherulemakingattheTHLPSSCmeetingsinNovember1996andMay1997,APIobjectedtoinclusionofanenvironmentalfactorasprematureinlightoftheongoingrulemakingtodefineunusuallysensitiveareas(USAs).Atthattime,RSPAintendedtoincludeaninterimdefinitionthatcouldlaterbereplaced,ifappropriate,bythedefinitionofUSAs.AlthoughwedonotnecessarilyagreethatadefinitionofUSAsshouldbethesolebasisforinclusionofanenvironmentalfactorforariskbasedalternativetopressuretesting,werecognizedintheproposedrulethedifficultiesofdefininganenvironmentalfactorbeforetheUSAdefinitionisformulated.ThedifficultyinarticulatingafactorwasmadeveryapparentbyϢTHLPSSCmembersattheMay1997meeting.Onememberarguedthattheenvironmentalfactorunderconsiderationfortheproposed -`'* rulewasinadequate;twoothermemberschallengedthatargument.DiscussionswiththemembersandAPIfollowingthatmeetingindicatedlittlechanceofagreementonadefinitionpriortodefinitionofUSAs.BasedonthediscussionattheTHLPSSConMay6,1998,itappearsthatthereisbroadagreementthatenvironmentallysensitiveareaswillbeconsideredbytheindustryevenintheabsenceofadefinition.Accordingly,wearefollowingtheadviceoftheTHLPSSCandincludingenvironmentallysensitiveareaswithintheconsequencefactorsinthisfinalrule.Werecognizethatwemayneedtorevisitthisissueoncewehavedefined unusuallysensitiveareas. TheFinalRule   ̀Thenewsection195.303 Riskbasedalternativetopressuretestingwouldallowanoperatorofolderhazardousliquidandcarbondioxidepipelinetoelectanapproachtoevaluatingtheintegrityoflinesthattakesintoaccountindividualriskfactors.Thisalternativeestablishestestprioritiesbasedontheinherentriskofagivenpipelinesegment.Eachpipelineisassignedariskclassificationbasedonseveralindicators.Inassigningariskclassificationtoagivenpipelinesegment,the -H'* AV  A   A  firststepistodeterminewhetherornotthesegmentcontainspre1970ERWandlapweldpipesusceptibletolongitudinalseamfailures.Certainpre1970ERWandlapweldpipelinesegmentsaresusceptibletolongitudinalseamfailures.JXN XXXN ԀAnoperatormust   consider#XN XXJXN :#TXN XXXN theseamrelatedleakhistoryofthepipeandpipe   manufacturinginformationasavailable,whichmayincludethepipesteelsmechanicalproperties,includingfracturetoughness;themanufacturingprocessandcontrolsrelatedtoseamproperties,includingwhethertheERWprocesswashighfrequencyorlowfrequency,whethertheweldseamwasheattreated,whethertheseamwasinspected,thetestpressureanddurationduringmillhydrotest;thequalitycontrolofthesteelmakingprocess;andotherfactorspertinenttoseampropertiesandquality.#XN XXTXN f;#  Thenextstepistodeterminethepipelinesegmentsproximitytopopulatedandenvironmentallysensitiveareas(Location).JXN XXXN  Environmentallysensitiveareas#XN XXJXN >#JXN XXXN isnotcurrentlydefined. h$  However,weexpectoperatorstousetheirbestjudgmentinapplyingthisfactor.#XN XXJXN >#Somegoodexamplesofareaswhichwouldbe ((!$ environmentallysensitivearewatersusedfordrinkingandfishing.ThisenvironmentalJXN XXXN Ԁfactormaybedefinedinafuture +%( rulemaking.#XN XXJXN C@#JXN XXXN Ԁ_#XN XXJXN @# -`'* Theriskclassificationofasegmentisalsoadjustedbasedonthepipelinefailurehistory,theproducttransported,andthevolumepotentially_Ԣreleasable_Ԁinafailure.AdditionalguidanceforuseofthealternativeisprovidedinanewAppendixB.Thepipelinefailurehistory,denotedinthefinalruleas ProbabilityofFailureIndicator,isanimportantfactor.Thehistoryofpastfailures(typesoffailures,numberoffailures,sizesofreleases,etc.)playsanimportantroleindeterminingthechancesoffutureoccurrencesforaparticularpipelinesystem.Therefore,ithasbeenincludedasriskfactorinthematrixfordeterminingtheriskclassification.Inthefinalruletheprobabilityoffailureindicatorisconsidered highriskifthepipelinesegmenthasexperiencedmorethanthreefailuresinlast10yearsduetotimedependentdefects(duetocorrosion,gouges,orproblemsdevelopedduringmanufacture,constructionoroperation,etc.).Pipelineoperatorsshouldmakeanappropriateinvestigationofspillstodeterminewhethertheyareduetotimedependentdefects.Anoperatorsdeterminationshouldbebasedonsoundengineeringjudgmentandbedocumented. -`'* _Inaddition,thefinalruleprovidescompliancedatesandrecordkeepingrequirementsforthoseoperatorswhoelecttheriskbasedalternativetopressuretestingofolderhazardousliquidandcarbondioxidepipelines.RSPA**believes**this**rulewillprovidethepipelineindustrywiththeflexibilityto**elect**alternativetechnologyforevaluatingpipeline**integrity**withoutsacrificingsafety.** JXN XXXN DiscussionofComments  H RSPAreceivedfourcommentsinresponsetotheNPRM.Commentersincludedoneindustryassociation(API),twopipelineoperatingcompanies,andasafetyconsultant.Three#XN XXJXN H#JXN XXXN Ԁcommentersincluding H APIexpressedstrongsupport,butonecommenter(asafetyconsultant)opposedissuingthisriskbasedrule.Performancemeasures󀄄#XN XXJXN @I#ԀJXN XXXN Intheproposedrule,RSPAsoughtcomment 0&" andinformationonhowtomeasuretheperformanceofthisriskbasedalternativetodetermineeffectiveness,particularlyincomparisonwiththepressuretestrule.#XN XXJXN ;J#ԀRSPAreceivedno +%( comment.RSPAplanstoexaminethefutureperformanceofthose -d'* pipelinesegmentsthatarepressuretestedandcompareittothefutureperformanceofpipelinesegmentsthatareinternallyinspectedorthatarenottestedatall.Failurehistory󀄄Intheproposedrule,RSPAsoughtcommenton   excludinginsignificantfailuresfromthefailurehistoryriskfactor.RSPAalsosoughtcommentonwhetherthefailureshouldbequantifiedorifonlyareportableincidentshouldbeconsidered.OneoperatorcommentedthatonlyDepartmentOfTransportation(DOT)reportableincidentsbeincluded.APIcommentedthatspills,regardlessofwhetherreportableornot,shouldbeincludedintheriskbasedalternativeengineeringevaluationprocessbytheoperatormakingitsownengineeringjudgment.Thejudgmentshouldbedocumentedandapplied,whenappropriate,tothefailurehistoryriskfactor.APIbelievesthatproperdocumentationremovessubjectivejudgmentsduringagencyaudits/evaluationsoftheuseoftheriskbasedalternative. _ $*#& OnecommenteraskedwhetherthirdpartydamageresultingintheimmediatereleaseofproductwouldbeconsideredatimedependentdefectinTable6. RSPAagreesthatproperdocumentationwouldclarifythevalidityofdecisionsaboutwhetherspillsarerelatedtotimedependentdefectsoraretrulyinsignificantduringagencyevaluationoftheuseoftheriskbasedalternative.Thisalsoeliminatesneedforfailurestobequantified.Thirdpartydamageresultingintheimmediatereleaseofproductdoesnotconstituteatimedependentdefect.Timedependentdefectsaredefectsthatresultinspillsduetocorrosion,gouges,orproblemsdevelopedduringmanufacture,constructionoroperation,etc.Thisisalreadycoveredin_subnote_Ԁ2inTable6ofAppendixB.Therefore,nochangeshavebeenmadetoTable6.JXN XXXN Oppositiontoissuingtheriskbasedrule󀄄Onecommenter(a h$  safetyconsultant)opposedissuingthisrule.Commenterargued#XN XXJXN YS# d&" thatthisrulemighthavebeenmoremeritorioushaditbeenproposedaftertheresultswereinontheriskmanagementdemonstrationprojects.ThiscommentersaidthatthenoticepublishedintheFederalRegisteronNovember15,1996[61FR -|'* 58605]statesthatthedemonstrationprojectswilltestwhetherallowingoperatorstheflexibilitytoallocatesafetyresourcesthroughriskmanagementisaneffectivewaytoimprovesafety,environmentalprotection,andreliability.TheywillalsoprovidedataonhowtoadministerriskmanagementasapermanentfeatureoftheFederalpipelinesafetyprogramifriskmanagementprovestobeviableregulationalternative.Therefore,thiscommentersaidthisrulemakingshouldbedelayeduntilthecompletionoftheriskmanagementdemonstrationprojects.ThiscommenteralsocontendedthatthepurposeoftheAPIpetitionrequestingtheriskbasedalternativewastoreduce,ordelay,theeconomicburdenonpipelinecompaniesasaresultoftherequirementsofthefinalruleforpressuretestingpublishedbyRSPAonJune7,1994,[59FR29379].RSPAdisagreesthatthisruleshouldbedelayeduntilcompletionoftheriskmanagementdemonstrationprojects.TheAccountablePipelineSafetyandPartnershipActof1996(Pub.L.104304,Oct.12,1996)thatestablishestheRiskManagementDemonstrationProgramcontemplatesalimitednumberofprojects.RSPAwillapprovenomorethanten(10).Currently,noneofprojectsbeingconsideredaddressesthepressuretestingofolderpipelinesthat -`'* S/ STRX3' Letter3'3' Letter3'T S  _areimpactedbytheJune1994pressuretestrule.The h DemonstrationProgramislookingatwholesetofactivitiesratherthanfocusingonanindividualregulation.Also,delayuntilcompletionoftheprojectswouldunreasonablydelayaddressingissuesofolderhazardousliquidpipelines.ThesepipelinesincludehighriskERWpipelines.Theriskbasedapproachtoolderpipelinesprovidesanopportunitytopilotariskbasedapproachinarulemakingforumasopposedtoademonstrationprojectforum.RSPAbelievesthisrulewillprovidethepipelineindustrywiththeflexibilitytoelectalternativetechnologyforevaluatingpipelineintegritywithoutsacrificingsafety.Proposedparagraph195.303(b)(4)(ii)󀄄APIsuggestedthatthis  @ paragraphberevisedtoclarifythatuptothreetimedependentfailuresin10yearswouldbelowrisk.Theproposedruleinadvertentlylimitedthelowriskassignationtotwofailures.ThisisinconsistentwiththeproposedTable6.WeagreeandhaverevisedthisparagraphtobeconsistentwithTable6.  ,%( JXN XXXN ProposedSection195.303(c):#XN XXJXN `#APIsaidthatJXN XXXN Ԁthelastsentencein#XN XXJXN `#JXN XXXN  h  thetextof#XN XXJXN Ra#JXN XXXN 195.303(c)#XN XXJXN a#JXN XXXN Ԁshouldbeclarified#XN XXJXN b#JXN XXXN Ԁsothatoperators d understandthatforthosesegmentsthatfallunderRiskClassificationA noadditionalmeasuresreferstonoadditionalmeasuresunderthissubpart(i.e.SubpartEPressureTesting).APIsaidthatthelastsentenceasproposedappearstobebroader.#XN XXJXN ab#JXN XXXN Wehaverevisedthissectionforclarity#XN XXJXN c#JXN XXXN Ԁasrecommended \  bytheAPI.#XN XXJXN 9d# <  ProposedSection195.303(g):APIsaidthatJXN XXXN Ԁthetextof#XN XXJXN d#195.303(g)JXN XXXN  d shouldbeclarifiedsothatoperatorsunderstandthatpressuretestingundertheriskbasedalternative,liketheexistingfinalrule,wouldbeaonetimetest.Thereviewofriskclassificationsshouldberequiredonlyforthosepipelinesegmentsthathavenotyetbeentestedunder195.303(a)or195.303(c).Weagreeandhaveclarifiedthewording.#XN XXJXN De#JXN XXXN ProposedSection195.303(i):APIsaidthatrequiringoperators d&" togiveawrittennotificationandgetapprovalfromtheAdministratorbeforediscontinuingfromthisprogram,shouldbeeliminatedfromthisrulemaking.Addingthatthissectionis  ,%( confusing,contradictoryandresultsinadifferentstandardofcarefortheriskbasedalternativecomparedwiththeexistingfinalrule.APIsaidthatoperatorsshouldhaveflexibilitytoelecttestportionsandchangeplansoftheirsystemusingtheexistingfinalruleandportionsoftheirsystemsundertheriskbasedalternative.#XN XXJXN f#JXN XXXN ԀTheintentofSection195.303(i)#XN XXJXN i#JXN XXXN Ԁrequirement `  istoavoidoperatorsswitchingfromonetestingprogramtoanother,causingdelaysintesting.Eliminatingthisrequirementmaymakeitdifficulttoenforcetheregulatorydeadlines.Requirementsinthisruledoesnotpreventanoperatorfromchoosingpressuretestingforsomesegmentsandriskbasedalternativefortheremainingsegmentsofapipeline.Therefore,thissectionisretained.Dopreviousinlineinspectionsonpipelinesystemsconstitute  \ compliance?APIandonecommenterrequestedthatRSPAshould |" allowpreviousinlineinspectionsandsubsequentmaintenanceofapipeline#XN XXJXN #j#JXN XXXN Ԁdocumentedbycompanyrecordsasincompliancewith X&" thisrule.#XN XXJXN m#JXN XXXN RSPAwillacceptpreviousinlineinspectionson 8(!$ pipelineconductedinthefiveyearspriortotheeffectivedateofthisfinalruleprovidedthatanomaliesfoundbyprevioussmartpigrunshavebeenrepairedandpipelinehasbeen -p'* maintained.RSPAwillnotacceptolderinlineinspectionsforthefollowingreasons:1)technologykeepschangingrapidlyandinternalinspectiondeviceshavegreatlyimprovedinrecentyears,2)olderinternalinspectiondevicesprobablydidnotprovideadequatedata,3)newcorrosionorotherdefectsmayhavedevelopedsincelastinlineinspection.AppendixBTable1APIsuggestedthatterm pipelinesystem   bechangedto pipelinesegmentinFootnote1toTable1,forclarityandagreementwiththeintentoftheriskbasedrule.Weagree.̀AdditionalClarifyingGuidanceforbothOperatorsandInspectors  ЄAnumberofoperators(viaAPI)offeredsuggestionsforwaysofmakingtherulemoreunderstandable,includingrearrangingthetablesintheappendix,makingthetablesmoreexplicitorprovidingflowchartsthatvisuallyclarifythedecisionmakingpaths.RSPArealizesthataflowchartordecisiontreewithacoupleofexamplescouldaidtheoperators.However,#XN XXJXN m#JXN XXXN theneedto (!$ avoidfurtherdelayinaddressingtheissuesofolderhazardousliquidpipelinesmakesitimpossibleforRSPAtopreparesuchadditionalaidstoimplementationatthisstage.#XN XXJXN s#Ԁ_Nothing -T'* precludesAPIwiththehelpofitsmembersfromdevelopingaflowchartandperhapsafewexamplesonhowtoapplythisriskbasedruleforitsmembers. V.RulemakingAnalyses   h ExecutiveOrder12866andDOTRegulatoryPoliciesandProcedures. x  ThisfinalruleisasignificantregulatoryactionunderExecutiveOrder12866.Therefore,thisrulewasreviewedbytheOfficeofManagementandBudget.Inaddition,thisfinalruleissignificantunderDOTsregulatorypoliciesandprocedures(44FR11034;February26,1979)becauseitisthefirstexplicitlyriskbasedapproachtorulemakingfinalbytheOfficeofPipelineSafety.Acopyoftheregulatoryevaluationtothisruleisalsoavailableinthedocketofficeforreview.Thissectionsummarizestheconclusionsoftheregulatoryevaluation.RSPAspressuretestingfinalrulewaspublishedonJune7,1994(59FR29379)alongwitharegulatoryevaluationwhichfoundthattherulehadapositivenetbenefittothepublic,i.e.,thebenefitsoftheruleexceededthecost(Presentvaluecostsoftheearlierproposalwereestimatedtobebetween -0'* $134$179millionin1997dollarswhilethepresentvaluebenefitswereestimatedas$230$283million).JXN XXXN ԀRSPAbelieves H thattheriskbasedalternativemaintainsthenecessarymarginsofsafety,therefore,thebenefitsofthisalternativeshouldbesimilartothebenefitsoftheearlierproposal.Thepresentvaluecostsfortheriskbasedalternativeareestimatedtobebetween$88.4$98.4millionforreasonsdescribedbelow.Thefinalruleallowstheuseofalternativetechnology(smartpigs)forevaluatingpipelineintegrity.Onaveragesmartpigtestingislessexpensivethanpressuretestingby$2,650/mile.#XN XXJXN gy#JXN XXXN ԀInsome H casessmartpigtechnologyprovidesmoreinformationaboutpipelineanomaliesthanpressuretesting.Theriskbasedalternativewouldreducethetotalamountoftestwater,whichshouldlowerthewastetreatmentcostsandgeneratelesshazardouswaste.Theriskbasedalternativewouldallowoperatorstoforgotestingwherepipelineshavelowoperatingpressures,transportnonvolatileproduct,operateinruralandenvironmentallynonsensitiveareas,andhavegoodrecordsonpipelinefailure#XN XXJXN {#JXN XXXN Ԁhistory. ((!$ Thisriskbasedapproachisanongoingprocess.RSPAbelievesthattheriskbasedalternativemaintainsthenecessarymargins -`'* ofsafetyforthepublicandenvironment.Moreover,RSPAconcludesthatthisalternativehasthepotentialforpositiveimprovementsfortheenvironmentwhilereducingoperatingcostsbyallowingoperatorstoelectthosetestmethodsmostappropriatetothecircumstancesofeachpipeline.#XN XXJXN ~#     RegulatoryFlexibilityAct.󀀀Theregulatoryflexibility @  analysisoftheearlierfinalruleconcludedthatitwouldnothaveasignificantimpactonasubstantialnumberofsmallentities.RSPAbelievesthatbecausethisregulationoffersanalternativetooperatorsthatcouldreducethelessthansignificantimpactoftheearlierregulationevenfurther,thisruledoesnothaveasignificantimpactonasubstantialnumberofsmallentities.Basedonthefactsavailableabouttheanticipatedimpactofthisrulemakingaction,IcertifypursuanttoSection605oftheRegulatoryFlexibilityAct(5U.S.C.605)thattheactionwillnothaveasignificanteconomicimpactonasubstantialnumberofsmallentities.RSPA,intheproposedrule,hadrequestedcommentsfromsmallentitieswhichmightbeimpactedbythisrule.Wereceivednocomments.Thissupportsourearlierconclusionthatthisrule -`'* willhavenosignificantimpactonsubstantialnumberofsmallentities.ExecutiveOrder12612.Thisrulewillnothavesubstantial   directeffect*`*s`**onstates,ontherelationshipbetweentheFederalGovernmentandthestates,oronthedistributionofpowerandresponsibilitiesamongthevariouslevelsofgovernment.Therefore,inaccordancewithE.O.12612(52FR41685;October30,1987),RSPAhasdeterminedthatthisfinalruledoesnothavesufficientfederalismimplicationstowarrantpreparationofaFederalismAssessment.**JXN XXXN **#XN XXJXN U#bXN XXXN ExecutiveOrder13084.Thisrulehasbeenanalyzedinaccordance  withtheprinciplesandcriteriacontainedinExecutiveOrder13084( ConsultationandCoos*r*ridir*s*t*rdinationwithIndianTribalGovernments)t*.u*#XN XXbXN #u*w*u*WXXXX&u*w*w*cXN XXXN w*v*v*u*Becausethisu*x*rulex*y*u*proposedregulationu*y*u*wouldnotsignificantlyor "  uniquelyaffectthecommunitiesoftheIndiantribalgovernments,thefundingandconsultationrequirementsofthisExecutiveOrderdonotapply.u*w*u*#X&XXWX #bX&XXX&u*w*w*#XN XXcXN 2#bXN XXXN w* ((!$ z*N*willnothaveasubstantialdirecteffectsonstates,ontherelationshipbetweentheFederalGovernmentandthestates,oronthedistributionofpowerandresponsibilitiesamongthevariouslevelsofgovernmentandalsowouldnotsignificantlyoruniquelyeffectIndiantribalgovernments.Therefore,theconsultationrequirementsofExecutiveOrders13083( Federalism)and13084( ConsultationandCoordinationwithIndianTribalGovernments)donotapply.N*z*{*N*Nevertheless,becausestateswithhazardousliquidpipelinesafetyprogramsultimatelymonitorthecomplianceofintrastatepipelineswiththerule,RSPAroutinelyconsultswithstatepipelinesafetyrepresentativesduringearlystagesofrulemaking.N*{*#XN XXbXN #WXXXXN {*N*N*{*#XN XXWXS#|*f*f*|*JXN XXXN UnfundedMandates.Thisruledoesnotimposeunfundedmandates +%( undertheUnfundedMandatesReformActof1995.Itdoesnot -`'* Мresultincostsof$100millionormoretoeitherState,local,ortribalgovernments,intheaggregate,ortotheprivatesector,andistheleastburdensomealternativethatachievestheobjectiveoftherule.#XN XXJXN Í#   NXN XXXN PaperworkReductionAct.#XN XXNXN #JXN XXXN ԀThisruledoesnotsubstantiallymodify `  thepaperworkburdenonpipelineoperators.#XN XXJXN #JXN XXXN Ԁ#XN XXJXN #JXN XXXN Underthecurrent @  pressuretestingregulationsoperatorsarerequiredtohavetestingplans,schedules,andrecords.Theriskbasedalternativewouldrequirethesameorequivalentplans,schedules,andrecordsforeitherpressuretestingorinternalinspection.Therefore,thereisnoadditionalpaperworkrequired.#XN XXJXN #ԀJXN XXXN Operatorswhochoosetheriskbasedalternativewill  berequiredtohaverecordsthatthepipelinesegmentwhichisnotbeingtestedqualifiesfortheriskbasedalternative.AccordingtoconversationsbetweenOPSandthepipelineindustrysomeofthisinformationisalreadyavailableintheformofdrawingsorplansthatcanbefoundeitherinoperatorsFacilityResponsePlansrequiredbytheOilPollutionActof1990(_OPA_Ԁ90)orinemergencyresponseplansrequiredbyRSPA. #XN XXJXN |#JXN XXXN  +%( Operatorswillberequiredtoperiodicallyreviewthepipelines thatqualifyfortheriskbasedalternativetoensurethattheystillqualify.OPSbelievesthatoperatorscanconductthisreviewaspartoftheirnormalprocedures.**Becauseoftheaboveanalysis,OPSdoesnotbelievethatoperatorswillhaveanyadditionalpaperworkburdenbecauseofthisalternative,andthereforenoseparatepaperworksubmissionisrequired.#XN XXJXN # h NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct.RSPAhasanalyzedthisaction ( forpurposesoftheNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct(42U.S.C.4321etseq.)andhasdeterminedthatthisactionwouldnot  significantlyaffectthequalityofthehumanenvironment.AnEnvironmentalAssessmentandaFindingofNoSignificantImpactareinthe**docket.** ListofSubjects in49CFRPart195  H&" Anhydrousammonia,Carbondioxide,Petroleum,Pipelinesafety,Reportingandrecordkeepingrequirements -'* Inconsiderationoftheforegoing,RSPA**proposestoamend**part195oftitle49oftheCodeofFederalRegulationsasfollows: PART195[AMENDED]      1.Theauthoritycitationforpart195continuestoreadasfollows: Authority: 49U.S.C.60102,60104,60108,and60109;and49CFR P **1.53.  **  **2.****Section195.302isamendedbyaddinganewparagraph(b)(4)toreadasfollows: 195.302Generalrequirements.   H *  * ` * *  * x"   (b)***̀(4)Thoseportionsofolderhazardousliquidandcarbondioxidepipelinesforwhichanoperatorhaselectedtheriskbasedalternativeunder195.303andwhicharenotrequiredtobetestedbasedontheriskbasedcriteria. -P'* _  3.Section195.302(a)isamendedbyremovingcrossreference 195.304(b)andaddingcrossreference 195.305(b).  4.Inparagraph(c)of195.302,theintroductorytextisrevisedtoreadasfollows: 195.302Generalrequirements.    *  * ` * *  * P   (c)ExceptforpipelinesthattransportHVLonshore,lowstresspipelines,andpipelinescoveredunder195.303,thefollowingcompliancedeadlinesapplytopipelinesunderparagraphs(b)(1)and(b)(2)(i)ofthissectionthathavenotbeenpressuretestedunderthissubpart:*  * ` * *  *  (   5.Section195.303 Testpressure.andSection195.304 Testingofcomponents.areamendedbyredesignatingasSection195.304 Testpressure.andSection195.305 Testingofcomponents.  6.Part195isbeamendedbyaddinganewsection195.303toreadas_follows: -H'* Ї 195.303Riskbasedalternativetopressuretestingolder h hazardousliquidandcarbondioxidepipelines.     (a)Anoperatormayelecttofollowaprogramfortestingapipelineonriskbasedcriteria\XN XXXN Ԁasanalternativetothepressure  P testingin#XN XX\XN #195.302\XN XXXN (b)(1)(_Ԣi_)(iii)and#XN XX\XN :#195.302JXN XXXN (b)#XN XXJXN #\XN XXXN (2)(_Ԣi_)of 0  thissubpart.AppendixBprovidesguidanceonhowthisprogramwillwork.Anoperatorelectingsuchaprogramshallassignariskclassificationtoeachpipelinesegmentaccordingtotheindicatorsdescribedinparagraph(b)asfollows:  (1)RiskClassificationAifthelocationindicatorisrankedaslowormediumrisk,theproductandvolumeindicatorsarerankedaslowrisk,andtheprobabilityoffailureindicatorisrankedaslowrisk;  (2)RiskClassificationCifthelocationindicatorisrankedashighrisk;or  (3)RiskClassificationB.  (b)Anoperatorshallevaluateeachpipelinesegmentintheprogramaccordingtothefollowingindicatorsofrisk:  (1)Thelocationindicatoris  *  +P%( *(_**i**_)HighriskifanareaisnonruralorenvironmentallyϢsensitive1;or** (  ***#XN Xh\XN #JXN XhXN ***񄄀1******(SeeAppendixB,TableC)***#XN XXJXN e#\XN XXXN * H   (ii)Mediumrisk#XN XX\XN #\XN XXXN ;or (    (iii)Lowriskifanareaisnothighormediumrisk.  (2)Theproductindicatoris***f**q***g* 8#  1      *     (_Ԣi_)Highriskiftheproducttransportedishighlytoxicorisbothhighlyvolatileandflammable;  (ii)Mediumriskiftheproducttransportedisflammablewithaflashpointoflessthan100$F,butnothighlyvolatile; h or  (iii)Lowriskiftheproducttransportedisnothighormediumrisk.   *#XN Xh\XN #JXN XhXN ***񄄀1******(SeeAppendixB,TableC)***#XN XXJXN #\XN XXXN ** h **񄄀1**~*(~*}*See}**AppendixB,TableC)***** Environmentallysensitiveisnot H currentlydefined,butoperatorsareencouragedtousetheirbestjudgementinapplyingthisfactor.Thisfactormaybedefinedinfuturerulemaking.*#XN XX\XN I#\XN XXXN * h **  h *  (3)Thevolumeindicatoris h   (_Ԣi_)Highriskifthelineisatleast18inchesinnominaldiameter;  (ii)Mediumriskifthelineisatleast10inches,butlessthan18inches,innominaldiameter;or  (iii)Lowriskifthelineisnothighormediumrisk.  (4)Theprobabilityoffailureindicatoris  (_Ԣi_)Highriskifthesegmenthasexperiencedmorethanthreefailuresinthelast10yearsduetotimedependentdefects(e.g.,corrosion,gouges,orproblemsdevelopedduringmanufacture,constructionoroperation,etc.);or  (ii)Lowriskifthesegmenthasexperiencedthreefailuresorlessinthelast10yearsduetotimedependentdefects.  (c)Theprogramunderparagraph(a)shallprovideforpressuretestingforasegmentconstructedof#XN XX\XN #\XN XXXN Ԁelectric  @ resistancewelded#XN XX\XN #JXN XXXN (ERW#XN XXJXN #\XN XXXN )pipe#XN XX\XN ѳ#JXN XXXN Ԁ#XN XXJXN #JXN XXXN and_Ԣlapwelded_Ԁpipemanufactured "  priorto1970susceptibletolongitudinalseamfailuresasdeterminedthroughparagraph(d).#XN XXJXN \#JXN XXXN Ԁ#XN XXJXN P#\XN XXXN Thetimingofsuchpressure H&" testmaybedeterminedbasedonriskclassificationsdiscussedunderparagraph(b).Forothersegments,theprogrammayprovideforuseofamagneticfluxleakageorultrasonicinternalinspectionsurveyasanalternativetopressuretestingand,in -`'* _thecaseofsuchsegmentsinRiskClassificationA,mayprovidefornoadditionalmeasuresunderthissubpart.  (d)Allpre1970ERWpipeandlapweldedpipeisdeemedsusceptibletolongitudinalseamfailuresunlessanengineeringanalysis#XN XX\XN #\XN XXXN Ԁshowsotherwise.#XN XX\XN %#ԀJXN XXXN Inconductinganengineeringanalysis   anoperatormustconsider#XN XXJXN z#TXN XXXN theseamrelatedleakhistoryofthe `  pipeandpipemanufacturinginformationasavailable,whichmayincludethepipesteelsmechanicalproperties,includingfracturetoughness;themanufacturingprocessandcontrolsrelatedtoseamproperties,includingwhethertheERWprocesswashighfrequencyorlowfrequency,whethertheweldseamwasheattreated,whethertheseamwasinspected,thetestpressureanddurationduringmillhydrotest;thequalitycontrolofthesteelmakingprocess;andotherfactorspertinenttoseampropertiesandquality.#XN XXTXN #TXN XhXN   @ #XN XXTXN #JXN XXXN   (e)Pressuretestingdoneunderthissectionmustbe "  conductedinaccordancewiththissubpart.#XN XXJXN #JXN XXXN Exceptforsegments h$  inRiskClassificationBwhicharenotconstructedwithpre1970ϢERWpipe,watermustbethetestmedium.#XN XXJXN #\XN XXXN   (f)Anoperatorelectingtofollowaprogramunderparagraph *#& (a)mustdevelopplansthatincludethemethodoftestingandascheduleforthetestingbyDecember7,1998.Thecompliance -`'* deadlinesforcompletionoftestingareasshowninthetablebelow:**#XN XX\XN #TXN XXXN * H   H *񀀀 H Table:195.303Testdeadlines*w]>^ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#w, bb,bb,Sbb+  .00   8d.E14 <DL!T$XE   PIPELINESEGMENT  <00-%  00d d<󀀀 RISK  @    CLASSIFICATION @000-@ 00d d@ TEST @   DEADLINE S00D+ " 8 000d XdSPre1970#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN ԀPipe   susceptibletolongitudinalseamfailures[definedin195#XN XXTXN }#TXN XXXN .303(c)&(d)]#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  D005-"ll00d dDЀCorB 7000$ 00d d712/7/2000 D005"  X 000d 8D 000!4 00 d0ЀA 7000$l 00d d712/7/2002#XN XXTXN d#TXN XXXN  L000;"l  8 000d 8dLAllOtherPipeline @ Segments#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN #XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  D005-x#HH000d dDЀC 1000@$00d 112/7/2002#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  >00/@% 8 000 8> 000!P%00 d0ЀB 7000$ &00d d712/7/2004#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  F0005" ' 8 000d 8F 2000!0'000 d2ЀA 10000h(000d 1Additionaltestingnotrequired,"  (- 8  0000 ,#XN XXTXN #\XN XXXN   !(- Ѐ  (g)Anoperatormustreviewtheriskclassificationsforthose h pipelinesegmentswhichhavenotyetbeentestedunder#XN XX\XN #JXN XXXN #XN XXJXN #\XN XXXN  H 195.303(a)orotherwiseinspectedunder#XN XX\XN <#JXN XXXN #XN XXJXN #\XN XXXN Ԁ195.303(c)atintervals (  nottoexceed15months.Iftheriskclassificationofanuntestedoruninspectedsegmentchanges,anoperatormusttakeappropriateactionwithintwoyears,orestablishthemaximumoperatingpressureunder195.406(a)(5).  (h)Anoperatormustmaintainrecordsestablishingcompliancewiththissection,includingrecordsverifyingtheriskclassifications,theplansandschedulefortesting,theconductofthetesting,andthereviewoftheriskclassifications.  (i)AnoperatormaydiscontinueaprogramunderthissectiononlyafterwrittennotificationtotheAdministratorandapproval,ifneeded,ofascheduleforpressuretesting.#XN XX\XN #Ԁ  @   7.Section195.406(a)(4)isamendedbyremovingcrossreference 195.304"andaddingcrossreference 195.305" !  h$  Ѐ**  **񀀀8.A**newAppendixB**is**addedto**Part195toread**as**follows:  +%(  AppendixBRiskBasedAlternativetoPressureTestingOlder h  HazardousLiquidandCarbonDioxidePipelines  0 **** RiskBasedAlternative **  p **ThisAppendixprovidesguidanceonhowariskbasedalternativetopressuretestingolderhazardousliquidandcarbondioxidepipelinesruleallowedby195.303willwork.This**riskbasedalternativeestablishestestprioritiesforolder**pipelines,notpreviously**pressuretested,basedontheinherentriskofagivenpipelinesegment.Thefirststepistodeterminetheclassificationbasedonthetypeofpipeoronthepipelinesegmentsproximityto**populatedorenvironmentallysensitivearea.**Secondly,theclassificationsmustbeadjustedbasedonthepipelinefailurehistory,producttransported,andthereleasevolumepotential.  **TXN XXXN Tables26givedefinitionsofriskclassificationA,B,andC $$  facilities.Forthepurposesofthisrule,pipelinesegmentscontaininghighriskelectricresistanceweldedpipe(ERWpipe)#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Ԁand '|!$ Тlapweldedpipemanufacturedpriorto1970andconsideredarisk classificationCorBfacilityshallbetreatedasthetoppriority +<%( fortestingbecauseofthehigherriskassociatedwiththesusceptibilityofthispipetolongitudinalseamfailures. Inallcases,operatorsshallannually,atintervalsnottoexceed15months,reviewtheirfacilitiestoreassesstheclassificationandshalltakeappropriateactionwithintwoyearsoroperatethepipelinesystematalowerpressure.Pipelinefailures,changesinthecharacteristicsofthepipelineroute,orchangesinserviceshouldalltriggerareassessmentoftheoriginallyclassification.Table1****explains****different**levelsoftestrequirementsdependingontheinherentriskofagivenpipelinesegment.Theoverallriskclassificationisdeterminedbasedonthetypeofpipeinvolved,thefacilityslocation,theproducttransported,therelativevolumeofflow#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Ԁand#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Ԁpipeline#XN XXTXN =#TXN XXXN failurehistory#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Ԁasdeterminedfrom  @ Tables**26.T XTXN ** "     h$  #TXN X T7#   <( ` hp x (#X<TABLE1.TESTREQUIREMENTSMAINLINESEGMENTS h OUTSIDEOFTERMINALS,STATIONS,ANDTANKFARMS*wU>Vdd bbbbSbb]>^` (#` (#w," bb,bb,bb,bb+  .00 (  8d. E14 <DL!T$` XE   PIPELINESEGMENT  <00-%(  00d d<󀀀 RISK  `   CLASSIFICATION <00-`  00d d< TEST `   **DEADLINE1 E006%@  "00d dETEST `  MEDIUM S00D+@ " 8 00d XdSPre1970#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Ԁ#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Pipeline**  @ **Segmentssusceptibletolongitudinalseamfailures#XN XXTXN 5#TXN XXXN Ԁ2#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  H  #XN XXTXN &#TXN XXXN  D005-("ll 00d dDЀ**CorB 300$ @00d d3**12/7/20003 300$ @00d d3Wateronly** D005" @ X 00d 8D 000!T 00 d0**񀀀**A 300$ 00d d3**12/7/20023#XN XhTXN }#TXN XXXN  300$ 00d d3WaterOnly** L000;"  8 00d 8dLAllOtherPipeline `  Segments#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN #XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  D005-&HH 000d dD**񀀀**C -00`'00d -**12/7/20024#XN XhTXN #TXN XhXN  '00`(00 'WaterOnly** >00/`) 8 00 8> 000!p)00 d0**񀀀**B 300$@*00d d3**12/7/20044#XN XhTXN #TXN XhXN  300$@+00d d3Water/Liq5** F0005"@, 8 00d 8F 2000!P,000 d2**񀀀**A /000-000d /Additionalpressuretestingnot**required 7000B"p"6000 wwwdwwwd7**6,*7 8  000Bwwwdwwwd 61Ifoperationalexperienceindicatesahistoryofpastfailures P%9 foraparticularpipeline**segment,**failurecauses(timedependentdefectsduetocorrosion,construction,manufacture,or transmissionproblems,etc.)#XN XXTXN 9#TXN XXXN Ԁshallbereviewedindetermining *$? riskclassification(SeeTable6)andthetimingofthepressuretestshouldbe**accelerated. #XN XXTXN a#2JXN XXXN Allpre1970ERWpipelinesegmentsmaynotrequiretesting.In   determiningwhichERWpipelinesegmentsshouldbeincludedinthiscategory,#XN XXJXN U#JXN XXXN Ԁanoperatormustconsider#XN XXJXN ;#TXN XXXN theseamrelatedleak @  historyofthepipeandpipemanufacturinginformationasavailable,whichmayincludethepipesteelsmechanicalproperties,includingfracturetoughness;themanufacturingprocessandcontrolsrelatedtoseamproperties,includingwhethertheERWprocesswashighfrequencyorlowfrequency,whethertheweldseamwasheattreated,whethertheseamwasinspected,thetestpressureanddurationduringmillhydrotest;thequalitycontrolofthesteelmakingprocess;andotherfactorspertinenttoseampropertiesandquality.#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  "  #XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN 3**Forthosepipelineoperatorswithextensivemileageofpre1970 H&" ТERWpipe,anywaiverrequestsfortimingreliefshouldbesupportedbyanassessmentofhazardsinaccordance**withlocation,**product,volume,and#XN XXTXN y#TXN XXXN probabilityoffailure#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  +%( considerationsconsistentwithTables3,4,5,and6. -`'* Ї**4**Amagneticfluxleakageorultrasonicinternalinspection h surveymaybeutilizedasanalternativetopressuretestingwhereleakhistoryandoperatingexperiencedonotindicateleakscausedbylongitudinalcracksorseamfailures.**#XN XXTXN %#TXN XXXN 5Pressuretestsutilizingahydrocarbonliquidmaybeconducted, `  butonlywithaliquidwhichdoesnotvaporizerapidly.#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN ** @  **     UsingLOCATION,PRODUCT,VOLUME,and#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN ԀFAILUREHISTORY#XN XXTXN |#TXN XXXN Ԁ Indicators  fromTables3,4,5,and6respectively,**theoverallriskclassificationofagivenpipelineorpipelinesegmentcanbeestablishedfromTable2.TheLOCATIONIndicatoristheprimaryfactorwhichdeterminesoverallrisk,withthePRODUCT,VOLUME,andPROBABILITYOFFAILUREIndicatorsusedtoadjusttoahigherorloweroverallriskclassificationperthefollowing**table.** X"   8$       4 #XN XXTXN #Ԁ&      h ЀTABLE2.RISKCLASSIFICATION*7m dd" bbbbbbbbU>V(#(#,d ,'td ,td ,3 t +  (== H  X(RISKCLASSIFICATION '=0 h== 'HAZARDLOCATIONINDICATOR '=0H =0 'PRODUCT/VOLUMEINDICATOR +=0= h=0 +PROBABILITYOFFAILUREINDICATOR ?0=0! h X =0= ?ЀA '00( 0= 'ЀLorM '00( 00 'ЀL/L +00=( 00 +ЀL ?0=0!   00= S?ЀBπ /00=30= /ЀNotAorCRiskClassification M0==<$S  S 00= M 򀀀** C** 200=!0== 2ЀH )00=00= )ЀAny +00==00= +ЀAnỳ1'%"   00== 1H=HighM=ModerateL=LowTXN XXXN NOTE:ForLocation,Product,Volume,andProbabilityofFailure ( Indicators,seeTables3,4,5,and6.#XN XXTXN # c!* Ѐ'h3TXN XXXN  C#, Y  *[$4 Y* Y  TRO'3X3' Letter'3 Letter Landscape3' LetterT Y    **Table**3isusedtoestablishtheLOCATIONindicatorusedinTable2.Basedonthepopulation h **and****environmentcharacteristics**associatedwithapipelinefacilityslocation,aLOCATIONIndicatorof**H,Mor**Lisselected.  L ** #XN XXTXN r#TXN XXXN    4 TABLE3.LOCATIONINDICATORSPIPELINESEGMENTS "  Ѐ*Z[ ddd 'td td 3 t 7m..,FZ,jZ,j+  1=="   X1INDICATOR 9=0*^ "== 9 POPULATION1 ==0=*^ "=0 =   ӀENVIRONMENT2#XN XhTXN B#TXN XXXN ** L0==%^   X =0= 8LxH 900*  "0= 9Nonruralareas =00=*  00 =**#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN ԀEnvironmentallysensitive2#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Ԁareas#XN XXTXN i#TXN XXXN  L0==%   8 00= 8LM I00B4F "0= (dI G00=4)F00B(d G#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN  J0==9%F 8 00= 8JL ;00=*n "0== ;Ruralareas =00==*n 00= =#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Notenvironmentallysensitive2#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Ԁareas#XN XXTXN H#TXN XXXN 5+)n  80  00== 51Theeffectsofpotentialvapormigration#XN XXTXN #TXN XXXN Ԁshouldbeconsideredforp#XN XXTXN 9#TXN XXXN ipelinesegments   transportinghighlyvolatileortoxicproducts.****2#XN XhTXN #TXN XhXN *W***w***e**expecto**O*perators*areencouraged*tousetheirbestjudgmentinapplyingthisfactor.#XN XXTXN q #TXN XXXN ** V ; Ӏ****h  **Tables4,5**AND**6**areusedtoestablishthePRODUCT,VOLUME,andPROBABILITYOFFAILUREIndicators**respectively,**inTable2.ThePRODUCTIndicatorisselectedfromTable4asH,M,orLbasedontheacuteandchronichazardsassociatedwiththeproducttransported.TheVOLUMEIndicatorisselectedfromTable5asH,M,orLbasedonthenominaldiameterofthe**pipeline.TheProbabilityofFailureIndicatorisselectedfromTable6.**  # h+ h  TRX3'O'33' Letter'3 Letter LandscapeT h  *  h ***   4  TABLE4.PRODUCTINDICATORS h *qij ddFZjZjZ[(#(#q,Z, jZ, j+  1==" (  X1INDICATOR 9=0* "== 9 CONSIDERATIONS ==0=* "=0 = PRODUCTEXAMPLES L0==% " X =0= 8LH 900* @"0= 9(Highlyvolatileandflammable)Highlytoxic 400=!H 00 4(Propane,butane,**NaturalGasLiquid(NGL),ammonia)****(Benzene,**high**HydrogenSulfidecontent**crudeoils) C0=4 8 00= 8CM 900*0"0= 9Flammableflashpoint<100F 400=!00 4(Gasoline,JP4,lowflashpointcrudeoils) A0==0! 8 00= 8A**#XN XXTXN U #JXN XXXN Thissection 8" hasbeenrevisedtoincludereferencetoANSI/NFPA59Ainparagraph(a)asfollows:#XN XXJXN #TXN XXXN ԀL** ;00=*8(!2"0== ;Nonflammableflashpoint100+FHighlyvolatileandnonflammable/nontoxic 400==!"0=00= 4(Diesel,fueloil,kerosene,JP5,mostcrudeoils)**CarbonDioxide**,"  PF 80  00== ,  Considerations: Thedegreeofacuteandchronictoxicityto 8+$H humans,wildlife,andaquaticlife;reactivity;and,volatility, -&J Тflammability,andwatersolubilitydeterminetheProductIndicator.**ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,CompensationandLiabilityActReportableQuantityvaluescanbeusedasanindicationofchronictoxicity.NationalFireProtectionAssociation**healthfactorscanbeusedforratingacutehazards.   4   TABLE5. VOLUMEINDICATORS @  *qkl A ddZ jZ jij(#(#q,Z, j+  1=="   X1INDICATOR ==0=*x"== = LINESIZE L0==%x" X =0= 8LH =00=*"0= =TaXTXN #TXN XTa-#Ԁ18 L0==%" 8 00= 8LM =00=*X"0= =1016nominaldiameters J0==9%X" 8 00= 8JL =00==*"0== =TaXTXN #TXN XTa#Ԁ8nominaldiameter5+)" 80  00== 5#XN XXTXN # 󀀀 ` ЀH=HighM=ModerateL=Low  @ **Table6isusedtoestablishthePROBABILITYOFFAILUREIndicatorusedinTable2.The ProbabilityofFailureIndicatorisselectedfromTable6asHorL.Table6.ProbabilityofFailureIndicators(ineachhaz.location) `  *`QR dA dZ jkl(#(#`,<d ,<t +  1=="   1ЀINDICATOR 4=0=!0 == 4ЀFAILUREHISTORỲ(TimeDependentDefects)2 ?0=0!  =0= ?ЀH1   Ѐ +00=h0= +>Threespillsinlast10years F0==5!h  00= FЀL 400==!x0== 4TXN XXXN TaXTXN #TXN XTa ##XN XXTXN r #**Threespillsinlast10 x years1'% 0   00== 1**H=HighL=Low**1Pipeline**segments**withgreaterthanthreeproductspillsinthe #h" last10yearsshouldbereviewedforfailurecausesasdescribedinϢsubnote(2).Thepipelineoperatorshouldmakeanappropriate '(!& investigationandreachadecisionbasedonsoundengineeringjudgment,andbeabletodemonstratethebasisofthedecision. P+$* O  _ 0-&, O. O  TRX3'X3'3' Letter3' LetterT O  2TXN XhXN ԀTimeDependentDefectsaredefectsthatresultinspillsdueto h corrosion,gouges,orproblemsdevelopedduringmanufacture,#XN XXTXN ;%#TXN XXXN  H constructionoroperation,etc.#XN XXTXN &#Ԁ** (  *****̀*IssuedinWashington,D.C.on*______________*___________________.**** Kelley****S.******Coyner*,* **   ***Deputy*Administrator*,*ResearchandSpecialProgramsAdministration**