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A. a.(1)(a) i) a)S%&'(Vm$0   (,!$0  0` (#(#  (@$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (# `   A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)jo4Tech InitInitialize Technical StyleS *  1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 S CuyTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular  3sy1Right-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|x~n<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@($ dmike.israni FERCcnDdnenEfngnDhnUinDjnknDlnnnDonDpnDqnUsntnDunvnwnxnDzn{nD|n}n~nw'XgLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5((3R$ /!      0  HP LaserJet 1100,,,,,,0=L5 9Z+.Courier New Regular(#$  0  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5&0 d d===='dxd<*&Diagonal CrosshatchddFd    ddZdPd2d dd  d(O$9a 9Z .Courier New RegularP Pddd(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular<09Z .Courier New RegulardA \\R3' Letter\U homepage ADLTPSSCLNGFIREDEGADISiPasquillpenetrantBackflowboiloffredsignatingredesignatingh(c Meshdd&p Pd d&p d Pd>Thick/Thin 2[ d -d d /!  _  8^XXdd8  AV S/JX^XX+X_ԀBillingCode:491060  (#(#K(#@\ \  DEPARTMENTOFTRANSPORTATION  2  @ ResearchandSpecialProgramsAdministration@hh#49_CFR_ԀPart193@ [DocketNo._RSPA_Ԅ973002;_Amdt_.193{nxx{n|n17|n]@hh#[_RIN_Ԁ2137AD11]  PipelineSafety:IncorporationofStandard_NFPA_Ԁ59AintheLiquefiedNaturalGasRegulations  N       `     h      p      x AGENCY: ResearchandSpecialProgramsAdministration(_RSPA_), : 0  DOT. (#(#  ACTION: FinalRule. Z  SUMMARY: Thisfinalruleincorporatesbyreferenceanindustry  consensusstandardforliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)#+XXXJX^#JX^XX+XԀfacilities  subjecttothepipelinesafetyregulations.Thisstandard,developedbytheNationalFireProtectionAssociation(_NFPA_),specifiessiting,design,construction,equipment,andfireprotection#+XXXJX^#JX^XX+XԀrequirementsthatapplytonewLNGfacilitiesandto F&!' existingfacilitiesthathavebeenreplaced,relocated,orsignificantlyaltered.Allnew,replaced,relocated,andsignificantlyalteredfacilitiesarealsosubjecttothenewoperatingandmaintenancerequirements,andallother ,F(/ _requirementsspecifiedinthisrule,aswellastheunchangedportionsoftheregulations.dnThefireprotectionrequirementsaldnendnodnenfnsoapplytoexistingLNGfacilities.fnendnsdndndnen#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XTheincorporationby  X referenceofthisstandardwillallowtheLNGindustrytousethelatesttechnology,materials,andpracticeswhilemaintainingthecurrentlevelofsafety.#+XXXJX\9 #JX\XX+X \  #+XXXJX\A #JX\XX+X DATE: Thisfinalruletakeseffect [insertdate30daysafter   dateofpublicationintheFederalRegister] . |   FORFURTHERINFORMATIONCONTACT: MikeIsrani,(202)3664571,or 0 byemail:mike.israni@rspa.dot.gov,regardingthesubjectmatterofthisfinalrule,ortheDocketsFacility(202)3669329,forcopiesofthisfinalruleorothermaterialinthedocket.Allmaterialsinthisdocketmaybeaccessedelectronicallyathttp://dms.dot.gov.GeneralinformationabouttheRSPA/OfficeofPipelineSafetyprogramscanbeobtainedbyaccessingOPSsInternethomepageathttp://ops.dot.gov.#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+X #"  SUPPLEMENTARYINFORMATION:  t&4 &  Background  *#*   +%, OnAugust26,1996,theNFPApetitionedRSPAtoreplace substantiveportionsof49CFRPart193withANSI/NFPA59A(1996edition),titled StandardsfortheProduction,StorageandHandlingofLiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG).ThepetitionspecificallyrecommendsremovingtheSubpartsonsiting,design,construction,equipment,andfireprotection,andinsteadreferencingchapters1through9ofANSI/NFPA#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+X59A#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X(1996edition). H  Thepetitionrecommendsretaining,withminorchanges#+XXXJX\=#JX\XX+X,the   Subpartsonoperation,maintenance,personnelqualificationandtraining,andsecurity.ThecurrentFederalsafetystandardsforLNGfacilitiesweredevelopedasarequirementofthePipelineSafetyActof1979,nowrecodifiedin49UnitedStatesCodeSection60103.In1979,CongressdeterminedthatthepublicwouldbebetterservediftheUSDepartmentOfTransportation(DOT)developeditsownstandardsfortheLNGindustry#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X.PriortoJuly1,1976,noFederal !  standardsforLNGfacilitiesexisted.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XThecurrentstandard, "l" whichaddressesLNGfacilitiesusedingaspipelinetransportation,wasissuedasaFinalRuleonFebruary11,1980[45FR9203]andnowappearsat49CFRPart193.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀBetweenJuly1, 'p!( 1976#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X,andFebruary11,1980,LNGfacilitieswererequiredto \)#* complywithANSI/NFPA59A(1972edition)andPart192. ,t&. #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XAreportissuedonJuly31,1978,bytheGeneralAccounting @ Officetitled LiquefiedEnergyGaseshighlightedsomeofthesafetyconcernsinthetransportationandstorageofLNG.Foremostamongthosewere:(1)protectionofpersonsandpropertynearanLNGfacilityfromthermalradiationcausedbyignitionofamajorspillofLNG,(2)protectionofpersonsandpropertynearanLNGfacilityfromdispersionanddelayedignitionofanaturalgascloudarisingfromamajorspillofLNG,and(3)reductionofthepotentialforacatastrophicspillofLNG.RSPAidentifiedmanydeficienciesinthepre1980LNGstandardswhichneededtobecorrectedtoreducethepotentialforamajorspillofLNGandprovideanacceptablelevelofsafety.Becauseofthedifferenceinformatandtheneedforregulatorylanguagetofacilitateenforcement,afewsectionsofANSI/NFPA59AwererewrittenfortheiradoptioninPart193.̀TherehavebeensignificantchangesintheANSI/NFPA59Asince1980.The1996editionofthe#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\;#JX\XX+Xincludesthelatest X$$ developmentsinLNGfacilitydesignandsafety.ManyofthesedevelopmentshavenotbeenincorporatedintocurrentPart193.TheformatandlanguageoftheANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀhasalsochanged \)#* significantly,overtheyears,tofacilitateenforcement.ANSI/NFPA59Aisrevisedonaregularbasis,andtherevision ,t&. processincludesinputfromawidevarietyofexpertsandabroadrepresentationofinterests.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X  #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XRSPAhasbeenveryactiveinincorporatingbyreferencevoluntary D  consensusstandardsinitspipelinesafetyregulations.RSPAhasparticipatedformanyyearsonseveralvoluntarycommitteesthatdevelopconsensusstandards,includingtheANSI/NFPA59Atechnicalcommittee.TheexistingPart193referencesprovisionsofANSI/NFPA59Aineightdifferentlocations.RecentamendmentstotheLNGregulations(#+XXXJX\K#JX\XX+XFebruary25,1997;62FR8402#+XXXJX\;#JX\XX+XԀandAugust L  1,1997;62FR41311)havebroughtPart193closertoANSI/NFPA59A.UnlikeoldereditionsoftheANSI/NFPA59A,textinthecurrentstandardisinaregulatoryformatthatmakesitmoresuitableforincorporationbyreference.RSPAisadoptingthe1996versionoftheANSI/NFPA59A.Whenthestandardisrevisedinthefuture,RSPAwillincorporatebyreferencetherevisedversions,asappropriate.Thisrulereplacesmajorsubpartscoveringsiting,design,construction,equipment,andfireprotectionwithprovisionsofNFPAstandard,andmakes#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀminorchangesintheoperationand 'p!( maintenancerequirements.Thesechangesapplyonlytonewandsignificantlyalteredfacilities.#+XXXJX\&"#JX\XX+XԀIncorporationbyreferenceof +$, ANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\##JX\XX+XԀwillmaintaincurrentlevelsofsafetyandallow ,t&. industryflexibilityinapplyingthelatesttechnology.#+XXXJX\##JX\XX+XԀBasedon @ theabovefactorsandthepotentialbenefitstoFederalandStateregulators,theLNGindustry,#+XXXJX\B$#JX\XX+XԀandmostofall,topublicsafety,  X RSPAdecidedtoconsidertheadoptionofANSI/NFPA59AintoPart193.#+XXXJX\%#JX\XX+XԀ \  InNovember1997andMay1998,RSPAbriefedtheTechnicalPipelineSafetyStandardsCommittee(TPSSC)onproposedchangestotheLNGregulations.#+XXXJX\%#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\&#JX\XX+XInFebruaryandApril1998,RSPAheld `  meetingswiththeNationalAssociationofPipelineSafetyRepresentatives(NAPSR)LNGPart193committeetoreceivetheirinputontheproposedchanges.OnMarch31,1998,RSPAmetwithrepresentativesoftheLNGindustry,Stateandlocalgovernments,andthepublictogatherinformationonexperienceswiththecurrentFederalLNGsafetyregulationsandwithANSI/NFPA59A.OnApril22,1998,RSPAheldajointmeetingwithNFPA,theAmericanGasAssociation(AGA)andtheNAPSRLNGreviewcommitteetodiscusstechnicaldifferencesbetweenPart193andANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\&#JX\XX+X && Ѐ ProposedRule \)#*   $+$,  RSPApublishedanNPRM[63FR70737;December22,1998], @  proposingtoreplacemostLNGrequirementsforsiting,design,construction,equipment,andfireprotectioninPart193by#+XXXJX\)#JX\XX+X  X referencingtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)#+XXXJX\+#JX\XX+X, D  NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)Standard59A(1996edition),titled StandardsfortheProduction,StorageandHandlingofLiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG).TheNPRMalsoproposedsomeminoramendments#+XXXJX\+#JX\XX+XԀto#+XXXJX\,#JX\XX+XԀoperationandmaintenancerequirements   fornewandsignificantlyalteredfacilities.#+XXXJX\#-#JX\XX+XԀ(Existing `  facilitiesneedonlycomplywithpreviouslyexistingoperationsandmaintenancerequirements.#+XXXJX\-#JX\XX+X)#+XXXJX\.#JX\XX+XԀRSPAproposedthesechanges  becauseANSI/NFPA59AmoreaccuratelyreflectscurrenttechnologyandpracticesintheLNGindustry.OnlythoserequirementswhichANSI/NFPAdoesnotaddressoradequatelycoverwereretained.OnMay18,1999,attheAGAconference#+XXXJX\.#JX\XX+XԀinCleveland,commenters h requested,andweregranted,anadditionalmonthforcomments.#+XXXJX\-0#JX\XX+XRSPAreceivedcommentsontheNPRM#+XXXJX\0#JX\XX+XԀfrom11sources.Commenters !  includedtwotradeassociations,twostandardsorganizations,sixoperators,andoneStateagency. AdvisoryCommitteeReview  'p!( WesubmittedtheproposedLNGruletotheTechnicalPipelineSafetyStandardsCommittee(TPSSC)forcommentsontechnical ,&. feasibility,reasonableness,costeffectiveness,andpracticality.#+XXXJX\A1#JX\XX+XԀOnMay5,1999,theTPSSCvotedunanimouslyto  approvetheproposedrulewithoutcomment. DiscussionofCommentsandChangesinthefinalrule    WereceivedcommentsfromthefollowinginresponsetotheNPRM:  Tradeassociations:0 h AmericanGasAssociation(AGA);TheNew   EnglandGasAssociation(NEGA) h(#h(#   Standardsorganization:0  NationalFireProtection h( Association(NFPA);AmericanSocietyofSafetyEngineers(ASSE);d#+XXXJX\3#JX\XX+X(#(#   dOperators:0  DukeEnergyCorporation;PhiladelphiaGas l, Works(PGW);WilliamsGasPipeline,KeySpanEnergyCorporation;PaiutePipelineCompany,AlaskaNorthSlopeLNGproject. (#(#   Stateagency:  IowaUtilitiesBoard(Iowa).d#+XXXJX\5#JX\XX+X !  dAll11commentersgenerallysupportedtheNPRM,butexpressedsomeconcernsorsuggestedchanges.AllsignificantcommentsontheNPRMaresummarizedbelowalongwithRSPAsresponses.ddGeneralcomment:PartialadoptionofANSI/NFPA59A $+$,  ,&. Fourcommenters,includingAGAandNEGA,requestedadoptionof @ ANSI/NFPA59Aforsiting,design,construction,equipment,andfireprotection,withoutmodificationexceptforregulatorylanguageconsistency.Theyexpressedconcernsoverselectivityofvariouspartsof49CFRPart193,andANSI/NFPA59A.AGAcommentedthatadoptionofonlyportionsofANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\F7#JX\XX+XԀwill \  makethestandardsdifficulttoadministerbyboththeregulatoryagenciesandtheLNGfacilityoperators.AGAfeelsthatRSPAsapproach#+XXXJX\U:#JX\XX+Xwouldrequiresubstantialcrossreferencingbetweentwo `  documentsandvariousreferencedstandards,todeterminewhichoneisapplicableinanygivensituation,resultinginconfusion,errorsandpotentialviolationsofthefinalrule.InAGAsview,thiscouldhavesignificantcostimpacttooperatorswithoutmuchsafetybenefit#+XXXJX\?;#JX\XX+X.  Response󀄀Duringproposedruledevelopment#+XXXJX\<#JX\XX+X,ouranalysisofPart T 193andANSI/NFPA59AshowedthatcertainLNGsafetyrequirementsindesign,siting,construction,andequipmentwerenotadequatelyaddressedinANSI/NFPA59A.FollowingdiscussionswithstateregulatorsandLNGconsultants,wedecidedtoretainallofthoserequirementsintheproposedrulethatwerenotadequatelyaddressedinANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\o=#JX\XX+X.However,afterreviewof h)(#* commentsreceivedontheNPRM,anddetaileddiscussionsonspecificrequirementswiththeindustry,tradeassociations,LNG ,&. consultants,andregionaldirectors,wehaveconcludedthatonlysomeofthesafetyrequirementsproposed#+XXXJX\6?#JX\XX+XintheNPRMare  critical,therefore,shouldberetained.However,mostofproposedsafetyrequirementsarealreadycoveredinperformancelanguage#+XXXJX\@#JX\XX+XԀinANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\A#JX\XX+X,therefore,thoserequirements#+XXXJX\A#JX\XX+XԀshould   beremovedfromPart193.Thisfinalrulereflectsthosechanges.Generalcomment:LimitANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\?B#JX\XX+XԀreferencestoonlydesign, `  construction,andsitingissues0  0p(#(#0p(#p(#X(#(# AGA,NEGA,andtwoplantoperatorsexpressedconcernovertheproposedchanges#+XXXJX\C#JX\XX+XԀinSubpartFOperations,andSubpartG h( Maintenance.TheysaidthatinmeetingsleadinguptotheNPRM,DOTindicatedthatoperationsandmaintenancerequirementsinpart193wouldnotberevisedbecauseANSI/NFPA59Adoesnotadequatelyaddresstheseissues.TheyalsosaidDOTsrevisionstooperationsandmaintenanceareasarebroadandunclear.Specificexamplesofsuchinstancesofferedbycommentersarediscussedbelow.ddResponseUnderoperationandmaintenancesubparts#+XXXJX\KD#JX\XX+XԀofthisrule, t)4#* #+XXXJX\F#JX\XX+XoperatorsofnewandsignificantlyalteredLNGfacilities#+XXXJX\G#JX\XX+XԀare ,+$, required#+XXXJX\}G#JX\XX+Xtomaintaindesignandconstructionrelatedinspection, ,&. testingandinvestigationrecordsspecifiedunderNFPA59A.Wehavespecified#+XXXJX\G#JX\XX+Xfrequencyofthosetestsanddurationof  recordkeeping.Operatorsarealsoremindedintheoperationandmaintenancesubpartsthattheserequirementsonly#+XXXJX\H#JX\XX+XԀapplytonew D  and#+XXXJX\I#JX\XX+XsignificantlyalteredLNGfacilitiesconstructedafterthe   effectivedateofthisrule. \  EditorialcommentsOnecommenternotedinconsistenciesinlistingsubpartsaffectedbythisrule.ThiscommentersuggestedthatreferencebemadetosubpartsAEandIthroughoutthetext.Thiscommenteralsopointedoutthatthepreambleindicatedthatsection193.2119wouldberetained,yetintherulethissectionhasbeenremoved.ResponseWehaveremovedinconsistenciesregardingaffected l, subpartsinthefinalrule.Weinadvertentlyremoved#+XXXJX\J#JX\XX+XԀSection $!  193.2119#+XXXJX\L#JX\XX+XԀfromtheproposedrule#+XXXJX\0M#JX\XX+X.Thisfinalruleretainsit. "" ЀListedbelowarecommentsorchangestospecificsections:  (&&   SubpartAGeneral #+XXXJX\M#JX\XX+X )L#* 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#  (# (# Section193.2001ScopeofPart.0  0p(#(#0p(#p(#-&.(#(# AV  A   A  IntheNPRM,werevisedSection193.2001toincludereferencetoANSI/NFPA59A.BecauseANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\N#JX\XX+XԀisnotapplicabletoall  subpartsinPart193,wehaveremovedthereference.Therefore,Section193.2001ascurrentlyspecified#+XXXJX\YP#JX\XX+XԀwillremainunchanged.#+XXXJX\1Q#JX\XX+X D  Section193.2003SemisolidFacilitieshasbeenremovedfromthe \  ruleasproposedintheNPRM.Section193.2005Applicability l  Thissection193.2005hasbeenrestructuredtoclarifythatnewrequirementsapplytonewandsignificantlyalteredLNGfacilitiesaftertheeffectivedateofthisruleunlessotherwisebnnotedbncn]nspecified]ncn.an_nin_n_nthe_n_nspecific_n_nsection_n.anProposedSections 193.2007through193.2019areunchangedinthe  finalrule. l, #+XXXJX\Q#JX\XX+X SubpartBSitingRequirementsJXJX\ ""  #JX\XJT##+XXXJX\OT#JX\XX+XSection193.2051Scope d&$ & WeproposedthatthissectionwouldberetainedbecauseANSI/NFPA59Adoesnotspecifywheresitingisneeded.Onecommenterarguedthatsections21,22and23ofANSI/NFPA59Aclearly  -&. delineatesitingrequirementsforprocessequipment,buildingandstructures,transfersystems,flammablecontainers,LNGcontainers,andspillandleakcontrolinimportantprocessareas.Thiscommentersaidthatitisthecombinationofsection193.2051andANSI/NFPA59Athatwillcauseconfusionandmisinterpretation.ThecommentersuggestedthatthestandardssimplyreferenceANSI/NFPA59A.   p    H  ResponseWeagreethatANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\U#JX\XX+XԀspecifieswheresitingis `  required,therefore,wehaverevisedthetextofthescopeunderthissectiontoavoidduplicationandconfusion.TherevisedscopenowstatesthateachLNGfacilityaftereffectivedateofthefinalrule#+XXXJX\WX#JX\XX+XԀmustbeprovidedwithsitingrequirements in \ accordancewithrequirementsofthispartandofANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\Y#JX\XX+X  #+XXXJX\_Z#JX\XX+XIntheeventofaconflictbetweenthispartandANSI/NFPA59A, t thispartprevails.OperatorsareremindedthattherequirementsretainedinthispartarenotcoveredinANSI/NFPA59A.Section193.2057Thermalradiationprotection d$$$ IntheNPRMweproposedthatthethermalradiationdistancescalculationsuse:(1)windspeedandambienttemperatureswhichproducemaximumexclusiondistancesexceptthatvaluesthatoccurlessthan5%ofthetimeshallnotbeused;(weregretthatin ,&. thepreambleoftheNPRMweexplainedthisrequirementincorrectly.)(2)LNGFIREIIImodel;(3)offsitetargetscurrentlylistedinparagraph(d).Wealsoproposeddeletionofparagraph(b)(4)whichrequireduseofhighestanticipatedheatingvalueofLNG.TheNFPAandtheIowaUtilityBoardcommentedontheprecedingrequirements.NFPAcommentedthatwindspeedneednotbeincludedinthecalculation,becauseitisalready#+XXXJX\Z#JX\XX+XԀincludedin `  theacceptableheatfluxforoffsitetargets.NFPAalsopointedoutthatPart193doesnotspecifyhowwindspeedistobedeterminedandwhatfigure(maximumoraverage)istobeused.NFPArecommendedthatPart193shouldreferenceANSI/NFPA59AbecauseNFPAcitesamethod(fromaGRIreport)ratherthanspecificcomputermodel,suchasLNGFIREIII,forcalculatingthermalradiationdistances.NFPAalsocommentedthatnumberofoffsitetargetslistedinparagraph(d)insection193.2057doesnotprovidethesourceofthesenumbersorhowtocalculateanarea,whereastheNFPAnumbersaretakenfromwidelyusedNFPA101,theLifeSafetyCode.Thiscodeprovidesamethodtocalculatetheareaoccupiedbypersonsforuseasanoffsitetarget.  +$, Response󄀀#+XXXJX\^#JX\XX+X(1)Theoldformulaforcalculatingthermalradiation @  distanced=F.A1/2(whered=distance,F=fluxcorrelationfactor,  A=surfaceareawithinimpoundment),whichwasreplacedinPart193withtheLNGFIREmodel,isstillallowedunderNFPA59Aincertainapplications.Thatformulacalculatesdistancesbasedontheassumptionthattheflameisata45degreeangle.Inotherwords,theformulaalreadyaccountsforwindspeed#+XXXJX\kb#JX\XX+X.But,inthe T  LNGFIREmodel,windspeedis#+XXXJX\d#JX\XX+XԀoneoftheinputfactors.#+XXXJX\e#JX\XX+XԀWe   specifythatthemaximumwindspeedsbeused,exceptforthosethatoccurlessthan5%ofthetime#+XXXJX\qe#JX\XX+X.Therefore,thewindspeed X portionoftherequirementisretained.(2)Wedisagree#+XXXJX\.f#JX\XX+XԀwithNFPAcommentthatamethodratherthan p specificcomputermodelbespecified.Wereviewandanalyzeeachspecificmodelbeforeadoptionthus,makingthecomplianceprocesseasierforboththeoperatorandinspector.ThisrulerequiresthattheLNGFIREIIImodelbeused.Othermodelsmaybeused,subjecttotheAdministratorsapproval.#+XXXJX\f#JX\XX+X  !  (3)NFPA101,theLifeSafetyCode,isbasicallyabuildingcode.For#+XXXJX\h#JX\XX+XԀbuildingdesignoneneedstoknowareaoccupiedbyan d$$$ individualperson.#+XXXJX\)i#JX\XX+XԀTheLNGFIREmodeldoesnotrequirethearea && ofanindividualperson.#+XXXJX\i#JX\XX+XIncidentfluxgivesintensityofheat '|!( inBtu/hrsquarefoot,whichmeans,Btusthatwouldbereceivedbyonesquarefootofthetargetifitwereexposedtothethermalradiationforonehour.Numberofpersonsorsizeofa ,&. persondoesnotchangetheBtu/squarefootreceivedbythetarget.#+XXXJX\lj#JX\XX+XԀThe20and50personcriteriausedforanoffsite  targetinPart193andANSI/NFPA59A,respectively,arearbitrarynumbers.Becausewedonotseejustificationforusingdifferentfigures,inthefinalrulewehaveeliminatedtheOffsitetargetandincidentradiantfluxfiguresandsimplyreferencedANSI/NFPA59A.Commenton193.2057(b)(4)󄄀TheIowaUtilityBoard#+XXXJX\k#JX\XX+XԀquestioned `  deletionofuseof highestanticipatedheatingvalueofLNGinthecalculationsofthermalradiationdistances.IowaUtilityBoard#+XXXJX\m#JX\XX+XԀsaidintheirexperiencehigherheatingvalue(HHV)of p  agedLNGhasreached1200Btu/scfcomparedto1023Btu/scfformethane.Andbasedonthepotentialforthebuildupofheavier  hydrocarbonsinstoredLNG,theIowaUtilityBoard#+XXXJX\n#JX\XX+XԀaskedfor t clarificationofourdecisiontodeletethisrequirement.Response󀄀Thecommonunitsforhigherheatingvaluesusedinthe "x" naturalgasindustryareBritishthermalunits(Btu)perstandardcubicfoot(scf).But,inrealityHHVinBtu/lbdeterminesthesizeoftheflame,andthethermalradiationdistances.ThemassperunitvolumeofgaschangeswithcompositionforLNGmixture.Infact,decreaseinBtu/lbismoresignificantthanincreaseinBtu/scf#+XXXJX\p#JX\XX+XԀforagedLNGascomparedtomethane.Therefore,flame ,&. sizeforagedLNG#+XXXJX\er#JX\XX+XԀislowerthantheflamesizeofmethane#+XXXJX\s#JX\XX+X, @ resultingin#+XXXJX\ns#JX\XX+XԀshorterthermalradiationdistance.Inreality,  thereisonly0.1to0.2%differenceinradiationdistances.Therefore,thisrequirementhasbeendeleted.#+XXXJX\s#JX\XX+X D  Section193.2059Flammablevaporgasdispersionprotection \  IntheNPRMweproposedto:(1)retainminimum10minutespilldurationforvaporizationdesignrate;(2)deleteplannedvaporcontrol;(3)retain2.5%lowerflammableconcentrationlimitattheouterboundaryofflammablevapor;and(4)addonehourtimedurationnecessaryforspilldetectionandresponsefortankswithaninternalshutoffvalve.AGA,NEGA,NFPA,twooperatorsandtheIowaUtilityBoard#+XXXJX\t#JX\XX+XԀeachofferedcommentsagainstoneor  moreofthoserequirements.̀#+XXXJX\ w#JX\XX+X `  AGA,NEGAandoneoperatorcommentedthatNFPAstandard59Adoesnotseta10minutespilldurationlimitsothatoperatorscantakeadvantageoftechnologybyusingcontrolsthatcanprovideresponsetimeinlessthan10minutes.̀NEGAsaidthatbydeletingplannedvaporcontroltomitigatetheemergingvaporfromadesignLNGspillincreasesburdenontheoperatoranddeniestheoperatoralternativecredit. ,&. S/ STRX3' LetterX3' Letter3' Letter3'T S  р @ TheIowaUtilityBoard#+XXXJX\w#JX\XX+XԀsupportedtheproposaltoretainthe2.5%  lowerlimitforgasconcentration.#+XXXJX\h{#JX\XX+XNFPAsaidthatthe5%lower  X flammabilitylimitissufficientbecausethemodeltakesconcentrationvariationsintoaccount,andourrequirementistooconservative.̀Oneoperatorsaidthereisnorationaleforaonehourresponsetimeforspilldetectionforatankwithaninternalshutoffvalve.Response(1)Weagreewiththecommentersthatwiththecurrent d technologyandcontrolsystemoperatorscanrespondtospillsinlessthan10minutes.Wehaverevisedthisrequirementtoagreewith#+XXXJX\ |#JX\XX+XԀtheANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\s~#JX\XX+XԀstandardthat10minutespilltimecanbe t reducediftheoperatorcandemonstratebyinstrumentsurveillanceandemergencyshutdownsystemthatlessthan10minutesisneededtorespondtospills.(2)Wehavedeleted,asweproposedintheNPRM,theplannedvaporcontrolrequirementfromtheregulations.#+XXXJX\~#JX\XX+XԀWedonot && believe,anyfacilitywouldoptforthisalternative.#+XXXJX\O#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀInthis '|!( finalruleplannedvaporcontrolrequirementwillstillbe allowedasanalternative#+XXXJX\)#JX\XX+XԀthroughawaiver.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ +$, (3)Wehaveretainedtherequirementfor2.5%lowerflammable limit#+XXXJX\;#JX\XX+XԀ(LFL)concentrationattheouterboundaryofflammable  vaportoprovideareasonablemarginofsafety.TheDEGADISmodelpredictsonlyaverageconcentrationofLNG.Becausevapordoesnotdisperseuniformly,pocketsof5%LFLconcentrationcouldbeadjacenttotheaveragedistancelinepredictedbythemodel.Inotherwords,themodelcanunderpredicttheactualconcentrationofLNG.Becausemanyassumptionsgointheformula,thedistancespredictedarenotalwaysaccurate.Usinga2:1safetymarginwassuggestedbythosewhodevelopedthismodel.OnAugust19,1999,theNFPA59AcommitteediscussedthisissueingreatdetailandvotedtoreviseANSI/NFPA59Astandardtorequirea2.5%LFLinlieuof5%LFL.Therefore,weseenoneedtorevisethecurrentconcentrationlevelintheregulations.Inthisfinalrule,weareallowinguseoftheFEM3AvapordispersionmodelasanalternatetoDEGADIS.TheFEM3Amodelaccountsforadditionalclouddilutionwhichmaybecausedbythecomplexflowpatternsinducedbytankanddikestructures.DispersiondistancesarecalculatedinaccordancewiththismodeldescribedinGasResearchInstitutereportGRI96/0396.5, EvaluationsofMitigationMethodsforAccidentalLNGReleases.Volume5:UsingFEM3AforLNGAccidentConsequenceAnalyses. ,t&. Ї(4)#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀANSI/NFPA59Astandardalsorequiresaonehourdurationfor @ spillsfromtanksfittedwithinternalshutoffvalves#+XXXJX\|#JX\XX+X.#+XXXJX\E#JX\XX+XԀWehave  referencedANSI/NFPA59Afordeterminingdesignspills.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X  X Proposedrequirementon#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀdeterminingVaporizationdesignrate   under193.2059(d)#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀhasbeendeletedinthisrule#+XXXJX\!#JX\XX+XԀtoallow h  operatorsmoreflexibilityincomputing.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ T  Section193.2063FloodingSection;193.2069Othersevere l  weatherandnaturalconditions;andSection193.2071Adjacent d$ activities#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+X  WeproposedtoretainthesesectionsbecausethesubjectsthatthesesectionscoverarenotaddressedadequatelyinANSI/NFPA59A.NFPAcommentedthe generalplantsiteconsideration#+XXXJX\'#JX\XX+X  requirementundersection21.1ofANSI/NFPA59Aadequatelyaddressesthesesubjects.̀Response#+XXXJX\D#JX\XX+XԀWeagreethatNFPAstandardrequiresevaluationof $H$ potentialincidentsandtheinclusionofsafetymeasuresinthedesignoroperationofthefacility#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀinlieuofspecifyingnatural '!( disasters.Also,theNFPAstandardrequiresconsiderationoffactorsapplicabletothespecificsitethatmayhaveabearingonthesafetyofplantpersonnelandthepublic.Webelievethis ,&. performancelanguagemeetstheintentofourregulation.Therefore,requirementsinsections193.2063,193.2069,and  193.2071#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀhavebeenremoved.  d Section193.2067Windforces   WeproposedtoretainthissectionbecauseANSI/NFPA59Adoesnottakeintoconsiderationuncertaintiesassociatedwithhighwindsandstorms,suchashurricanes.NFPAcommentedthatParagraph41.4ofANSI/NFPA59AdoestakeintoaccountwindandsnowloadsbyreferencetoASCE7(90100mph),usinga100yearmeanoccurrence.NFPAalsosaidthisreferenceappliestoLNGtanks,andnotedthatspillpreventionduringahurricaneisamaximumpriorityofthisreference.Therefore,NFPAsuggestedreferenceforthissectionbegiventoANSI/NFPA59A.ResponseIntheproposal,wereduced#+XXXJX\ґ#JX\XX+XԀwindspeedfrom200to150 $!  mphunder(b)(2)(i),because94%ofhurricanes,accordingtoastudy,havewindspeedsoflessthan150mph.Further,lowerwindspeeddesignmaybeapprovedbytheAdministrator,solongasthereductionisjustifiedbyadequatesupportivedata.Therefore,thissectionhasbeenretainedasproposed.#+XXXJX\Ք#JX\XX+X SubpartCDesign #+XXXJX\y#JX\XX+X ,&. ЇSection193.2101Scope. @ Wehaverevisedthetextofthescopeunderthissectiontoavoidduplicationandconfusion.TherevisedscopenowstatesthateachLNGfacilitydesignedaftertheeffectivedateofthefinalrule #+XXXJX\Ԗ#JX\XX+XԀmustbedesigned inaccordancewithrequirementsofthis   partandofANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\4#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XIntheeventofaconflictbetween h  thispartandANSI/NFPA59A,thispartprevails.#+XXXJX\.#JX\XX+X T  #+XXXJX\ؙ#JX\XX+XSection193.2119Records.#+XXXJX\/#JX\XX+XInthepreambleoftheNPRMwesaid l  thisSectionwasnecessarytoverifymaterialproperties.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XHowever,intherulesectionoftheNPRMweinadvertentlyomitted  it.#+XXXJX\C#JX\XX+XԀInthisfinalrule,weareretainingthisrequirement.#+XXXJX\ޛ#JX\XX+X p #+XXXJX\Y#JX\XX+XSection193.2125Automaticshutoffvalves#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ  IntheNPRMweproposedtoretainthissectionbecauseitrequiresavoidanceoffluidhammer,andbecausePart193betterdefinesfailsafe.NFPAcommentedthatANSI/NFPA59AhasspecificreferencetoASMEB31.3,B31.5,B31.8,andAPI6Dforvalvedesignandselectioncriteria.Andtheseconsensusstandardsprovidesufficientsafeguardsincludingfluidhammer.Response󀄀WeagreewiththeNFPAcommentthatconsensus  +$, standardslikeASMEB31.3,B31.8,andAPI6Dreferencedinthe ,&. ANSI/NFPA59Aforthevalvedesign#+XXXJX\$#JX\XX+XԀandselectioncriteriaprovide @ sufficientsafeguards.Also,discussionswithLNGplantdesignersandconsultantsrevealedthatfluidhammeristakenintoconsiderationasstandardpractice#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀintheselectionof D  valvesforLNGpipes.Therefore,wearedeletingthisspecificrequirementbyremoving193.2125.Section193.2149Impoundmentrequired p      x    IntheNPRMweproposedtoretainthissectionbecauseitrequiresgrading,drainageoranimpoundingsystemaroundtransferpipingandparkingareasforloadedLNGtrucks.TheseitemsarenotcoveredintheANSI/NFPA59A.NFPAandtwooperatorsobjectedtothisrequirement.NFPAsaidthatimpoundmentisnotrequiredfortransferpipingbecausespillsarecontrolledbythevalvesinthepiping.NFPAandoneoperatorallegedthatthereisnodatatosupportimpoundmentforthetruckparkingareasattheLNGplants,whentheyareabletoparkinotherareas,andareintendedformovementoverstreetsandhighways.Response#+XXXJX\ɠ#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XAfterdiscussionswiththeLNGplantoperators, t)4#* designersandconsultantswehavedeterminedthatthemostlikelysourcesofleakswithinLNGplantareLNGstoragetanks,cargo ,&. transferareas,andvaporizersandprocessequipment,whicharealladdressedinparagraph22.1.2oftheANSI/NFPA59A.Therefore,webelieveANSI/NFPA59Awillsatisfythisrequirement,andweareremoving193.2149.#+XXXJX\Ӥ#JX\XX+X D    Section193.2155Structuralrequirements \  Proposedparagraph(b)undersection193.2155reduceddistance    requirementsfromLNGtankstoairportrunways.Italsoremovedrequirementsforconcretedikescapableofwithstandingtheimpactofthelargestaircraftservingthatairport.Onecommentersuggestedthattheproposedparagraph(b)shouldbemovedintoSubpartB(Sitingrequirements),becauseitrelatestositingandnotstructuralrequirements.ResponseThisrequirementwasoriginallyplacedunderthe l, Designsubpartbecauseitcontainsstructuralperformanceandintegrityspecifications.Althoughthisregulationalsorelatestositing,weratherretainitundertheDesignsubpart#+XXXJX\ͦ#JX\XX+Xso |$<$ readersdonotmisunderstandandthinkthisrequirementhasbeenremoved. '!(  Section193.2159Floors 8+$, TheNPRMproposedretaining#+XXXJX\9#JX\XX+XthissectionbecauseANSI/NFPA59A @  didnotaddressthisrequirementadequately.FurtherreviewofANSI/NFPA59ArevealsthatSection22ofthisstandardcoversthesamerequirementwithperformancerelatedlanguage#+XXXJX\M#JX\XX+X. D  Therefore,wearedeletingthissectionfromthefinalrule.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XSection193.2161Dikes,general#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X T  TheNPRMproposedretainingtheprohibitiononanypenetrationthroughdikewalls.AGAstatedthatprohibitingdikepenetrationisunjustifiedgiventhesafetyrecordofLNGfacilities.Response#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀParagraph22.2.4intheANSI/NFPA59Apermits h( penetrationofthedikeonlyiftheyaredesignedtowithstandthefullhydrostaticheadoftheimpoundedLNGorflammablerefrigerant,theeffectofrapidcoolingtothetemperatureoftheliquidtobeconfined,anyanticipatedfireexposure,andnaturalforces,suchasearthquakes,wind,andrain.WearesatisfiedwiththedikepenetrationrequirementsinANSI/NFPA59A.Therefore,#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀthisrequirementhasbeenremovedinthisrule.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X (&& Weareretainingparagraph(b)oftheproposedrule.Section193.2167CoveredSystems ,&. #+XXXJX\%#JX\XX+XWehadproposedretainingthisprovisionintheNPRM.However, @ because#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀcoveredimpoundmentsystemsareconsideredun#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+Xsafe,wedo  notanticipatethatsuchsystemswillbebuiltinthefuture.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ  X Thisrequirementhasbeendeleted,exceptforconcretewalltankswheretheconcretewallisanouterwallservingasadike.Section193.2171SumpBasinsTheNPRMproposedrequiringasumpbasinineachimpounding    system.Uponfurtherreconsideration,webelieverequiringasumpbasinineachimpoundmentsystemforcollectionofwaterisdesignrestrictive,sowehaveremovedthisrequirement.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ  Section193.2173WaterremovalThissectionoftheproposedruleisretainedwithsome , modificationtoparagraph(a).Paragraph(a)nowstatesthatimpoundmentareasmustbeconstructedsuchthatallareasdraincompletelytopreventwatercollection.Sumppumpsandpipingmustbeprovidedtoremovewaterfromthesumpbasin.AlternativemeansofdrainagemaybeacceptablesubjecttotheRSPAAdministratorsapproval.򀀀 4&& Paragraph(b)hasbeenretainedasproposed. '!(  Section193.2175Sharedimpoundment P+%, TheNPRMproposedretainingthisrequirement.Upon @  reconsiderationthisprovisionbeenremovedbecauseitiscoveredinparagraph22.2.1ofANSI/NFPA59A.  X Section193.2179Impoundmentcapacity:General#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ   #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XTheNPRMproposedretainingthisrequirement.#+XXXJX\ݹ#JX\XX+XԀThisprovisionhas   beenremovedbecauseitiscoveredinparagraph22.2.1#+XXXJX\O#JX\XX+XԀof l,  ANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X   Section193.2183Impoundmentcapacity:equipmentandtransfer |< systems. 4 Weproposedaminimum10minutespillperiodtoavoidconfusionamongoperatorsbecausespilltimewasnotspecified.AGA,NEGA,andtwooperatorsobjectedtoourminimum#+XXXJX\Y#JX\XX+XԀ10minutespilltime  requirementandsuggestedDOTshouldfollowANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\ۼ#JX\XX+XԀand \ allowfordesignofanimpoundingareawithavolumetriccapacitytoaccommodateadischargeperiodlessthan10minutes.Thecommentersindicatedthiswouldenableoperatorstoutilizecurrenttechnology,materials,andpractices.Thecommentersalsosuggestedthatashorterperiod(lessthan10minutes)shouldbeallowedbasedondemonstrableinstrumentsurveillanceandemergencyshutdownprovisions. ,&. Response#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀWeagreethatcurrenttechnology,instrumentation,and @ controlsystemscouldachieveemergencyshutdowninaveryshorttime.Therefore,weareremovingsection193.2183asproposedandinsteadinthefinalruleallowingashorterdesignspilltimebasedondemonstrableinstrumentsurveillanceandemergencyshutdownsystemsbyreferencingANSI/NFPA59A.Inthesamesectionofimpoundmentcapacityfortransfersystems,oneoperatorobjectedtoincludingdischargefrompermanenttransferpipingintheimpoundmentcapacitycalculations,andsuggestedweshouldinsteadusefailureofcargotransferpiping.Thecommentersjustification#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+Xisthatimpoundmentalongthe p permanentpipingfromliquefactionprocesstotheLNGtanksandfromtheLNGtankstoloadingarms,addssignificantlytotheplantcostwithoutaddressingarealisticreleasescenario.ThiscommentersaidthatANSI/NFPA59Aspecificallyexcludespermanentplantpipingfromthedefinitionoftransferarea.Response#+XXXJX\y#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\5#JX\XX+XWeagreeandhaveremovedthisrequirementas p$0$ explainedaboveinSection193.2149. (&& Section193.2185ImpoundmentCapacity:Parkingareas,portable containers.#+XXXJX\x#JX\XX+X P+%, TheNPRMproposedretainingthisrequirement.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀWeareremoving @  thissectionbecauseitiscoveredinperformancelanguageinANSI/NFPA59A.Section193.2187General#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ   TheNPRMretainedthissection.Inthisrule,thetitleofthisSectionischangedtoNonmetallicmembraneliner.Paragraph(a) `  hasbeenremovedbecauseitisnolongerapplicable.Paragraph(b)hasbeenretained.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XSection193.2191Stratification  TheNPRMproposedretainingthisrequirementbecauseitspecified  amethodtopreventrollover.#+XXXJX\G#JX\XX+XԀInthisrule,thisrequirementis @ removedbecauseallplantdesignersarefamiliarwithrolloverpreventionmethodsanditisaddressedinANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\8#JX\XX+X  Sections193.2205Frostheaveand193.2207Insulation 0!  TheNPRMproposedretainingtheserequirements.#+XXXJX\)#JX\XX+XԀFurtherreview "" indicatesthatbothrequirementsareaddressedinANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X. $T$ Therefore,theyhavebeenremoved#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+Xinthisrule. @& & Section193.2209InstrumentationforLNGstoragetanks )X#*   P+%, WeretainedthissectionintheNPRMbecauseANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\$#JX\XX+XԀdoes @  notrequireanyrecorders.OnecommentersaidANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\5#JX\XX+X  adequatelycoversit.Continuousmonitoringorshortintervalscanning,trending,andmultilevelalarmsforprocessvariablesandtanklevelsarestandardfeaturesofcurrentcomputerbasedmonitoringandcontroldevices.ThiscommentersaidthatANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀandsoundengineeringpracticemakeitunnecessary H  toretainthissectiontoprovideanaddedlevelofsafety.ResponseWeagreethatallplantsdesignedtoday#+XXXJX\5#JX\XX+XԀwillhave L  necessaryinstrumentationandelectronicrecordingsystems.ANSI/NFPA59Acoversbasicrequirementsforinstrumentation.Therefore,wehaveremovedthissectionfromthefinalrule. SubpartDConstruction  t #+XXXJX\4#JX\XX+XSection193.2301Wehaverevisedthetextinthescopesection (!  toavoidduplicationandconfusion.TherevisedscopenowstatesthateachLNGfacilityconstructedaftertheeffectivedateofthefinalrule #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀmustbeconstructed inaccordancewith 8&& requirementsofthispartandofANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\h#JX\XX+XIntheeventof '!( aconflictbetweenthispartandANSI/NFPA59A,thispartprevails.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X <+$, #+XXXJX\[#JX\XX+X ,&. Section193.2303Constructionacceptanceisunchangedexcept @ thatareferencetoANSI/NFPA59Ahasbeenadded.  ЀSection193.2304CorrosioncontrolOverviewisunchanged. \  #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(# (#(# Section193.2305Procedures;Section193.2307Inspection;   Section193.2315Pipingconnections#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+X;andSection193.2317#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ x8  Retesting. 0  TheNPRMproposedretainingsomeprovisionsthatwebelievedwerenotadequatelyaddressedinANSI/NFPA59A.OnecommentersaidthattheNPRMdidnotadequatelyexplainwhythesesectionsshouldberetained.Thecommentersaidthattheprocedures#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀand X specificationsinANSI/NFPA59Aandthevariouscodesandconsensusstandardsitincorporatesbyreference,suchas,ASME,ASTM,ACI,ASCE,TEMA,APIandothers,providemoredetailandnecessaryrequirementsfordesign,selection,construction,testingprocedures.Thecommenterfurthersaidthesecodesandconsensusstandardsprovideappropriaterequirementsforinspectionandpipingconnections.ThecommentercitedafewspecificsectionsofANSI/NFPA59Awhererequirementsforinspectionandpipingconnectionsaredetailed.  P+%, ResponseUponreconsiderationweagreewiththecommentthat @  ANSI/NFPA59Acoverageisadequate.Therefore,theabovesectionshavebeenremovedfromthisrule.Section193.2321Nondestructivetests   WerevisedthissectionintheNPRMbyretainingrequirementsnotadequatelyaddressed#+XXXJX\l#JX\XX+XinANSI/NFPA59A.Onecommentersuggested    thatmaterialinthissectioniscoveredinsection66.3ofANSI/NFPA59A,andthesectioncouldbedeletedwithoutcompromisingsafety.ResponseWeagreethatproposedSection193.2321paragraphs(a) h( and(b)arecoveredinANSI/NFPA59A.However,therequirementinparagraph(c)whichstatesthatweldsonASMEtanksthataresubjecttocryogenictemperatures#+XXXJX\`#JX\XX+XԀbesubjectto100%radiographic x8 tests#+XXXJX\j#JX\XX+XԀiscriticalandtherefore,isretained. $!  Section193.2325Testingcontrolsystems#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X.IntheNPRMwe |$<$ retainedthisrequirement,butfurtherreviewindicatesNFPAdoesnotusetheterm controlsystembutinsteadusestheterms testingofcomponentsor testingofcomponentsystems#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+Xin )L#*  varioussections#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XofANSI/NFPA59A.Thus,ANSI/NFPA59Acovers 8+$, thisrequirement.Therefore,thisrequirementisremovedintherule. Section193.2329#+XXXJX\>#JX\XX+XConstructionrecords D  Paragraphs66.2,66.5,and66.6ofANSI/NFPA59Acoverthisrequirementadequately.Therefore,sectionhasbeendeletedfromthisrule. SubpartEEquipment  l  Section193.2401Scope.   Thescopeinthisrulehasbeenrevised.Itstatesthataftertheeffectivedateofthefinalrule#+XXXJX\*#JX\XX+X,vaporizationequipment, D liquefactionequipment,andcontrolsystems#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀmustbedesigned, 0 fabricated,andinstalled#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ inaccordancewithrequirementsofthis  partandofANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XIntheeventofaconflictbetween H thispartandANSI/NFPA59A,thispartprevails.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X 4!  Section193.2407Operationcontrol#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X;Section193.2409Shutoff $L$ valves;#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XSection193.2413Combustionairintakes#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X;Section D& & 193.2417Controlofincominggas;Section193.2419Backflow, '!( Section193.2421Coldboxes#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X;Section193.2427General#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X; )t#* Section193.2429#+XXXJX\;#JX\XX+XԄReliefdevices;Section193.2431Vents;#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X l+,%, Section193.2433Sensingdevices;Section193.2435Warning $-&. devices;Section193.2437Pumpandcompressorcontrol;and @ Section193.2439Emergencyshutdowncontrolsystems.  Theserequirementshavebeendeletedfromthefinalrule.AlloftheserequirementsareequivalenttorequirementsinANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X   Sections193.2441Controlcenter,and193.2445Sourcesof `  powerhavebeenretained#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀintherule.   Section193.2443Failsafecontrol#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X.Thissectionisdeleted |< becauseitiscoveredinsection75ofANSI/NFPA59A. SubpartFOperations & SubpartGMaintenance #+XXXJX\?#JX\XX+X L Section193.2521OperatingrecordsandSection193.2639  Maintenancerecords#+XXXJX\+#JX\XX+X x IntheNPRM,werevisedthesesectionstoincludeoperationrecordsofresultsofinspectiontests,investigationanddataofinstrumentrecorders,andmaintenancerecords#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀofperiodictests t&4 & andinspectionsrequirements,ofbothPart193andANSI/NFPA59A.AGA,NEGA,andtwootheroperatorsraisedconcernsthatthisrevisionrequiresexistingrecordkeepingrequirementsandunspecifiedadditionalrecordkeepingrequirementsfromANSI/NFPA $-&. 59A.ThecommentersassertthatthisrevisionmayleadtoconfusionunlessspecificsectionsofANSI/NFPA59Aareidentified.Inexistingfacilities,theyargue,itmaynotbe  X possibletoproducethenewrecordsrequiredbyANSI/NFPA59A. P  Thecommenterssuggestedthatcurrentoperationsandmaintenance   requirementsshouldnotbechanged.ResponseTheadditionaloperationandmaintenancerecordsthat   ANSI/NFPA59ArequiresareapplicableonlytothoseLNGfacilitiesthataredesignedandconstructedaftertheeffectivedateofthisfinalrule.OperationsandmaintenancerequirementsofexistingLNGfacilitieswillnotbeaffectedbythisrulemaking.Thisfinalruleclarifiesthatambiguity.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\# JX\XX+XSection193.2609Supportsystems  Weproposedaddinganinspectiontimeframetotheexistinginspectionrequirementsforsupportsystems.AGAandNEGAobjectedtoplacingadditionalburdensonLNGoperators,especiallywhenSection193.2605allowsoperatorstodetermineandperformnecessaryperiodicinspectionsconsistentwithgenerallyacceptedengineeringpractice.Bothcommenterssupportedkeepingmaintenancerequirementsunder193.2609unchanged. D+%,  ,&. ResponseWeagreewiththecommentthatSection193.2609 @ providesoperatorsufficientflexibilitytodetermineinspectiontimeframes.Therefore,thisproposedrequirementisdeleted.  d 193.2611FireProtection   IntheNPRM,weproposedanadditionalrequirementthatwouldrequireoperators#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀtohaveamaintenanceprogramforallplant   fireprotectionequipment.AGAcommentedthattheproposedchangewasunnecessarysince193.2605(b)alreadycoversit.Response󀄀WeagreewiththeAGAscommentthatSection  193.2605(b)coversthisproposedrequirement.Therefore,ithasbeendeleted.0 0 (# (#,(#(# Section193.2619Controlsystems D    `     h      p      x Weproposedundersection193.2619#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X(c)ayearly(notexceeding15 "" months)inspectionandtestingofcontrolsystemsinservice,butnotnormallyinoperation,suchasreliefvalvesandautomaticshutdowndevices,and#+XXXJX\X#JX\XX+XԀinternalshutoffvalves.AGA,NEGA#+XXXJX\c#JX\XX+XԀandone '!( operatordisagreedwiththisproposedchange.NEGAsaidthisrequirementcouldbeerroneouslyinterpretedasarequirementtoinspectthevalveitself(insidethetank)ratherthanthe ,&. controlsystemassociatedwiththevalve.Oneoperatorcommentedthatthisrequirementshouldbeclarifiedtoapplyonlytothosetankswithexternalpumps.AGAsaidthisrequirementisexcessive,impractical,andimpossibletoenforce.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X D  ResponseWehaverevisedthewordingtoclarifythatthe \  controlsystemforinternalshutoffvalvesforbottompenetrationtanksmustbeinspectedandtestedeveryyear.Itmeansthatvalveoperationmustbetested.Thisshouldnotbeinterpretedasinspectionofthevalveinsidethetank.Revisedwordingshouldalleviateanyconfusion.Thisrequirementisimportantbecausewehaveallowedshorterdesignspilltimesfortankswithinternalshutoffvalves.Anothercommentersuggestedthatundersection193.2619(c)(2)#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X t inspectionandtestingrequirementsforcontrolsystemsintendedforfireprotection#+XXXJX\g#JX\XX+XԀbeextend#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+Xedfromsixmonthstoyearly#+XXXJX\^#JX\XX+XԀnot  !  exceeding15months.Thiscommentersaidthatsixmonthsisexcessiveforthistypeofsysteminspection.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ && Response󀄀Webelieveasixmonthintervalforinspectionand '|!( testingisnecessarytoensureproperoperationoffireprotectionsystems.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XFireprotectionsystemsarethemost  +$, criticalsafetyfeatureofanLNGfacilityandthesmallest ,&. possiblemarginforerrormustbesought.Therefore,thecurrentrequirementisnotchanged.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X  X  SubpartHPersonnelQualificationandTraining  D  Section193.2717Training:fireprotection x  AlthoughDOTdidnotproposeanychangestothesubpartontraining,AGArecommendedincorporatingthefireprotectiontrainingrequirementsundersection91.4.2ofANSI/NFPA59A.AGAbelievesthefireprotectiontrainingrequirementsofNFPA,theexpertsintheindustry,shouldsupercedeanyotherstandards.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ x8 ResponseCurrentlyPart193requires#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+Xfireprotectiontraining#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+X  everytwoyearsandANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+XԀrequirestrainingeveryyear. H WiththeexcellentsafetyrecordofLNGindustrywedonotseeaneedformakingthisrequirementmoreburdensome. SubpartIFireProtection  8&& Section193.2801Scope )l#*   d+$%, WeproposedtoreplacesubpartI,exceptforafewsectionswith importantsafetyfeatureswhicharenotadequatelyaddressedinANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\j #JX\XX+X,byreferencingANSI/NFPA59A,Chapters2and9#+XXXJX\v #JX\XX+X.  X AGA,NEGA,andtwooperatorscommentedthatcombiningsomerequirementsofPart193andtherequirementsofANSI/NFPA59Awouldcreateduplicateandconflictingrequirements,wouldbeexpensive,andwouldnotenhancesafety.OnecommentersaidthatexclusionfromthefireprotectionrequirementsofANSI/NFPA59AforexistingLNGplantsthattemporarily#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+XԀdonotcontainLNG `  shouldbeexpandedtoincludefireprotection#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀatallexistingLNG L  plants#+XXXJX\;#JX\XX+X.  ResponseAfterreviewofrequirementsinthissubpartand P ANSI/NFPA59A,anddiscussionswithLNGplantoperators,designersandconsultants,wehavedeterminedthatthefireprotectionrequirementsofANSI/NFPA59Aareadequate.Therefore,inthisrulewearereferencingANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀwithout  !  anyadditionalrequirementsinsubpartI.#+XXXJX\A#JX\XX+X "x" Section193.2807Smoking &&    `     h      p      x  Weproposedtoretainparagraph(c)regardingNoSmokingsigns.Onecommentersaidthisrequirementwouldresultinexcessivesignageandnotnecessarilycontrolsmokingattheplant. ,&. ЇResponseThisrequirementhadbeenremovedalongwithallotherfireprotectionrequirementscontainedinSubpartIforreasonsstatedabove.Section193.2817FireequipmentandSection193.2821Fire   detection#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X h  Onecommentersaidthattherevisiontothissectionrequires   additionalfireprotectionequipment,additionalunspecifiedfirealarmsfromANSI/NFPA59A,andadditionalprotectionorcoolingrequirementsforcriticalcomponents.ThecommentersaidtheserequirementsshouldbespecificallyidentifiedwithreferencetotheappropriatesectionofANSI/NFPA59A. t4 Response#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀTheserequirementshavebeenremovedinSubpartIfor  reasonsstatedabove.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀTheANSI/NFPA59Arequirementswillapply P toLNGfacilitiesdesignedandconstructedaftertheeffectivedateofthisfinalrule.#+XXXJX\P#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\+#JX\XX+X "" Section193.2819Gasdetection#+XXXJX\n#JX\XX+X L& & #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XResponse#+XXXJX\C#JX\XX+XԀThisrequirementhadbeenremovedinSubpartIfor )p#* reasonsstatedabove.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X h+(%, Ѐ  -&. #+XXXJX\5#JX\XX+XSubpartJSecurity .#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀThissubpartisretained. @  AppendixA toPart193isrevisedtoreflectchangesinthelist  x ofOrganizationsandaddressesandlistofdocumentsincorporatedbyreferenceduetoPart193#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+Xrevisions.Onenewdocumentadded ,  inthelististheGRI96/0396.5 EvaluationofMitigationMethodsforAccidentalLNGReleases,Volume5:UsingFEM3AforLNGAccidentConsequenceAnalysis.#+XXXJX\1#JX\XX+XJXJX\Ԁ#JX\XJo# 0  ЀJXJX\   #+ҐJP##+XX+Ґ#JX\XX+X RegulatoryAnalysesandNotices  H ExecutiveOrder12866andDOTRegulatoryPoliciesandProcedures.  ̀TheDepartmentofTransportation(DOT)doesnotconsiderthisactiontobeasignificantregulatoryactionundersection3(f)ofExecutiveOrder12866(58FR51735;October4,1993).Therefore,itwasnotforwardedtotheOfficeofManagementandBudget.ThisfinalruleisnotsignificantunderDOTsregulatorypoliciesandprocedures(44FR11034:February26,1979).Thisfinalruleamends49CFRPart193byreplacingsubstantivesectionsofthecurrentregulationwithANSI/NFPAStandard59A,titled#+XXXJX\C#JX\XX+X StandardfortheProduction,StorageandHandlingof -&. LiquefiedNationalGas(LNG).Thepurposeofthisadoptionistoenableoperatorstoutilizecurrenttechnology,materials,andpractices,therebyreducingcostsandenhancingnationalgrowth.ThischangetoPart193willeliminateunnecessaryandburdensomerequirements.FurthertheadoptionofindustrystandardsisconsistentwiththePresidentsgoalsofregulatoryreinventionandimprovementofcustomerservicetotheAmericanpeople.AdoptionofindustrystandardsalsomeetsthegoalsofOMBsBudgetCircularA119, FederalParticipationintheDevelopmentandUseofVoluntaryStandards,promotingadoptionofvoluntaryconsensusstandardswhereverpossible.TheNFPAhasastandingcommitteewhichregularlyreviewsANSI/NFPA59A.RSPAhasarepresentativeonthiscommittee,andRSPAsoughtthecommitteesinputinseveraldiscussionsconcerningtheadoptionofANSI/NFPA59AintoPart193.MembersoftheANSI/NFPA59Atechnicalcommitteeinclude:RSPA,FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission,CoastGuard,Stategovernments,insuranceinterests,contractors,andfiredepartments.RepresentationbythisgroupensuresthatessentiallyallinterestsinvolvedinLNGsafetyissueshavebeenrepresentedinthisstandard.TheNFPAhasover67,000individualmembersandincludesover100nationaltradeandprofessionalgroups.Itsgoalasanorganizationistoreducetheburdenoffireonthe ,t&. qualityoflifebyadvocatingscientificallybasedconsensuscodesandstandards,research,andeducationforfiresafetyissues.Asmentionedabove,thereshouldbelittletonocosttotheindustrytoadopttheseregulationsasLNGoperatorsarealreadywellawareofthesestandardsandtheyarealreadybeingimplementedbytheindustry.InfactadoptionofthisruleshouldactuallyreducethecoststoindustryasthemainpurposeofthisruleistoallowtheadoptionofnewertechnologythatwasnotanticipatedwhentheearlierLNGregulationswerepromulgated.Becausethisruledoesnotrepresentanynewburdentotheindustryandinfactwillreducecosts,RSPAbelievesthataregulatoryevaluationofthisruleisunnecessary.Furthermore,adoptionofthisrule#+XXXJX\"!#JX\XX+XԀmeetstheguidelinesof h FederalGovernmentpolicydiscussedabovewhilereducingtheadministrativeburdensonindustryandallowingfortheuseofthelatesttechnologyandpractices.#+XXXJX\q*#JX\XX+XRegulatoryFlexibilityAct && #+XXXJX\+#OX\XX+XUndertheRegulatoryFlexibilityAct(5U.S.C.601etseq.),RSPA h)(#* mustconsiderwhetherarulemakingwouldhaveasignificanteconomicimpactonasubstantialnumberofsmallentities.As ,&. discussedabove,RSPAisamendingpart193byreplacingsubstantiveportionsofthissubpartwiththeadoptionofconsensusindustrystandardsdevelopedbytheNFPA.ThesesafetystandardsarewellknownandhavebeenimplementedbyoperatorsofLNGfacilitiesthroughouttheUnitedSates.ThereplacementofmajorportionsofPart193withtheANSI/NFPA59AstandardshouldinfactreducecostsofthepresentregulationstoLNGoperators,includinganysmalloperators,andallowtheuseofmorecurrenttechnologiesasmentionedintheprevioussection.RSPAinvitedcommentsfromsmallbusinessoperatorswhoobjectedtothisrule,andreceivednocommentsaddressingthisissue.#+XXXOX\+#JX\XX+XBasedontheabove#+XXXJX\/#JX\XX+XԀdiscussion,IcertifypursuanttoSection605 d oftheRegulatoryFlexibilityAct(5U.S.C.605)thattheactionwillnothaveasignificanteconomicimpactonasubstantialnumberofsmallentities.#+XXXJX\&0#JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\C1#JX\XX+XExecutiveOrder13084 !  #+XXXJX\1#7X\XX+XԀThisfinalrulehasbeenanalyzedinaccordancewiththe p$0$ principlesandcriteriacontainedinExecutiveOrder13084("ConsultationandCoordinationwithIndianTribalGovernments").BecausethisfinalruledoesnotsignificantlyoruniquelyaffectthecommunitiesoftheIndiantribalgovernmentsanddoesnotimposesubstantialdirectcompliancecosts,thefundingand ,&. consultationrequirementsofExecutiveOrder13084donotapply.#+XXX7X\1#anJXXX+X#+XXXJXb7#anJX\XX+XExecutiveOrder13132#+XXXJX\l4#JX\XX+X P  #+XXXJX\4#fnNX/XX+X/#+XXXNX6#fnJX\XX+XThisrulehasbeenanalyzedinaccordancewiththeprinciplesand t  criteriacontainedinExecutiveOrder13132( Federalism).Thisfinalruledoesnotadoptanyregulationthat:(1)hassubstantialdirecteffectsontheStates,therelationshipbetweenthenationalgovernmentandtheStates#+XXXJX\o5#JX\XX+X,or d$ thedistributionofpowerandresponsibilitiesamongthevariouslevelsofgovernment;(2)imposessubstantialdirectcompliancecostsonStatesandlocalgovernments;or(3)preemptsstatelaw.Therefore,theconsultationandfundingrequirementsofExecutiveOrder13132(64FR43255;August10,1999)donotapply.Nevertheless,inFebruaryandApril1998,RSPAheldmeetingswiththeNationalAssociationofPipelineSafetyRepresentatives(NAPSR)LNGPart193committee,whichincludesstatepipelinesafetyregulators,toreceivetheirinputonthechangestothisrule.#+XXXJX\6#JX\XX+X t)4#* UnfundedMandates ,&. ЀThisruledoesnotimposeunfundedmandatesundertheUnfundedMandatesReformActof1995.Itdoesnotresultincostsof$100millionormoretoeitherState,local,ortribalgovernments,intheaggregate,ortotheprivatesector,andisleastburdensomealternativethatachievestheobjectiveoftherule.#+XXXJX\9#JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\J;#JX\XX+XPaperworkReductionAct   Thisruledoesnotsubstantiallymodifythepaperworkburdenon d$ LNGindustry.OPSdoesnotbelievethatLNGindustrywillhaveanyadditionalpaperworkburdenbecauseoftheincorporationbyreferenceoftheseconsensusstandards,andthereforenoseparatepaperworksubmissionisrequired.NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct l, ̀RSPAhasanalyzedthisactionforpurposesoftheNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct(42U.S.C.4321etseq.)andhas |$<$ determinedthatthisactionwouldnotsignificantlyaffectthequalityofthehumanenvironment.AnEnvironmentalAssessmentandaFindingofNoSignificantImpactareinthedocket.#+XXXJX\;#7X\XX+XImpactonBusinessProcessesandComputerSystems ,&. cO4` <hDp Lx !XcWedonotwanttoimposenewrequirementsthatwouldmandatebusinessprocesschangeswhentheresourcesnecessarytoimplementthoserequirementswouldotherwisebeappliedto Y2Korrelatedcomputerproblems.Thisfinalruledoesnotmandatebusinessprocesschangesorrequiremodificationstocomputersystems.Becausethisruledoesnotaffectorganizationsabilitytorespondtothoseproblems,wearenotdelayingtheeffectivenessoftherequirements.#+XXX7X\>#JX\XX+X `  #+XXXJX\A#JX\XX+X ListofSubjectsin49CFRPart193   Construction,Design,Equipment,Fireprotection,Incorporation H byreference,Liquefiednaturalgas,Maintenance,Operation,Pipelinesafety,Reportingandrecordkeeping,andSitingrequirements.Accordingly,RSPAamends49CFR193asfollows:#+XXXJX\B#JX\XX+X PART193[AMENDED]  <&& 1.Theauthoritycitationforpart193continuestoreadasfollows: -&.  Authority: 49U.S.C.5103,60102,60103,60111,60118and49CFR @ 1.53.  SubpartAGeneral #+XXXJX\C#JX\XX+X `  #+XXXJX\D#JX\XX+X*  *  * 4 * ` * (   193.2003[RemovedandReserved] #+XXXJX\:E#JX\XX+X @  2.Section193.2003isremovedandreserved. #+XXXJX\E#JX\XX+X3.Section193.2005isrevisedtoreadasfollows:#+XXXJX\|F#JX\XX+X ` #+XXXJX\F#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\JG#JX\XX+XԀ193.2005Applicability. 0  0(#(#0(#(#0(#(#0D(#(#0pD(#D(#0p(#p(#(#(# (a)Safetyrequirements#+XXXJX\G#JX\XX+XԀmandatingcompliancewithstandard  ANSI/NFPA59Aandotherchangesinthispartgoverningsiting,design,construction,equipment,fireprotection,operationandmaintenanceapplyto#+XXXJX\H#JX\XX+XԀLNGfacilitiesplacedinserviceafter#+XXXJX\I#JX\XX+X   [inserteffectivedateofthefinalrule] unlessotherwisenoted.#+XXXJX\ J#JX\XX+X p!0  #+XXXJX\J#JX\XX+X(b)IfanexistingLNGfacility(orfacilityunderconstructionbefore [inserteffectivedateofthefinalrule] #+XXXJX\K#JX\XX+X)isreplaced, &P & relocatedorsignificantlyalteredafter [insert#+XXXJX\K#JX\XX+XԀeffectivedate X("( ofthefinalrule] #+XXXJX\fL#JX\XX+X,thefacilitymustcomplywiththeapplicable  *#* requirementsofthispartgoverning,siting,design,installation,andconstruction,exceptthat: -T'. (1)ThesitingrequirementsapplyonlytoLNGstoragetanksthataresignificantlyalteredbyincreasingtheoriginalstoragecapacityorrelocated,and(2)Totheextentcompliancewiththedesign,installation,andconstructionrequirementswouldmakethereplaced,relocated,oralteredfacilityincompatiblewiththeotherfacilitiesorwouldotherwisebeimpractical,thereplaced,relocated,orsignificantlyalteredfacilitymaybedesigned,installed,orconstructedinaccordancewiththeoriginalspecificationsforthefacility,orinanothermannersubjecttotheapprovaloftheAdministrator.     4  `      #+XXXJX\L#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\P#JX\XX+XԀ193.2007Definitions. #+XXXJX\P#JX\XX+X P 4.Section193.2007isamendedbyremovingterms includingan  undergroundcavernfromdefinitionofStoragetank, or  solidifyingfromdefinitionofLNGfacility,#+XXXJX\AQ#JX\XX+XԀand orsemisolid H fromdefinitionsofLiquefiednaturalgasorLNG,Vaporization, @!  andVaporizer. "" #+XXXJX\R#JX\XX+X5.Sections193.2009through193.2019areretained.#+XXXJX\~S#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\S#JX\XX+X \& & #+XXXJX\7T#JX\XX+X SubpartBSitingRequirements )t#*  6.Section193.2051isrevisedtoreadasfollows: D-'.  193.2051Scope#+XXXJX\T#JX\XX+X.   #+XXXJX\lU#JX\XX+XEachLNGfacilitydesigned,constructed,replaced,relocatedor   significantlyalteredafter (inserteffectivedateofthefinal | < rule) #+XXXJX\U#JX\XX+XԀmustbeprovidedwithsitingrequirements inaccordance D  withtherequirementsofthispartandofANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\V#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\W#JX\XX+XInthe    eventofaconflictbetweenthispartandANSI/NFPA59A,thispartprevails.#+XXXJX\W#JX\XX+X  d$  #+XXXJX\|X#JX\XX+Xԁ193.2055[RemovedandReserved]#+XXXJX\X#JX\XX+X   7.Section193.2055isremovedandreserved.  `  8.Section193.2057isamendedtoreadasfollows:0  0(#(#04(#(#0` 4(#4(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0 (# (#   (# (# #+XXXJX\=Y#JX\XX+X193.2057Thermalradiationprotection.  l, #+XXXJX\Z#JX\XX+XEachLNGcontainerandLNGtransfersystemmusthaveathermal 4  exclusionzoneinaccordancewithsection22.3.1ofANSI/NFPA59Awiththefollowingexceptions:(a)ThethermalradiationdistancesshallbecalculatedusingGasResearchInstitutes(GRI)#+XXXJX\8[#JX\XX+XreportGRI89/0176,whichisalso & & availableas#+XXXJX\\#JX\XX+XԀthe LNGFIREIII#+XXXJX\]#JX\XX+XԀcomputermodelproducedby#+XXXJX\p]#JX\XX+XԀGRI. (P"( Theuseofotheralternatemodelswhichtakeintoaccountthe samephysicalfactorsandhavebeenvalidatedbyexperimental +%, testdatashallbepermittedsubjecttotheAdministratorsapproval.   (b)Incalculatingexclusiondistances,thewindspeedproducing  X themaximumexclusiondistancesshallbeusedexceptforwindspeedsthatoccurlessthan5percentofthetimebasedonrecordeddataforthearea.#+XXXJX\]#JX\XX+X \  (c)Incalculatingexclusiondistances,#+XXXJX\`#JX\XX+XԀtheambienttemperature H  andrelativehumiditythatproducethemaximumexclusiondistancesshallbeusedexceptforvaluesthatoccurlessthanfivepercentofthetimebasedonrecordeddataforthearea.#+XXXJX\`#JX\XX+X L  #+XXXJX\a#JX\XX+X 9.Section193.2059isamendedtoreadasfollows:#+XXXJX\b#JX\XX+XԀ d  193.2059Flammablevaporgasdispersionprotection. #+XXXJX\b#JX\XX+X  EachLNGcontainerandLNGtransfersystemmusthaveadispersionexclusionzoneinaccordancewithsection22.3.2ofANSI/NFPA59Awiththefollowingexceptions:#+XXXJX\-c#JX\XX+X !  (a)FlammablevaporgasdispersiondistancesmustbedeterminedinaccordancewiththemodeldescribedintheGasResearchInstitutereportGRI89/0242, LNGVaporDispersionPredictionwiththeDEGADISDenseGasDispersionModel.Alternatively,inordertoaccountforadditionalclouddilutionwhichmaybecausedbythecomplexflowpatternsinducedbytankanddikestructure,dispersiondistancesmaybecalculatedinaccordance ,&. withthemodeldescribedintheGasResearchInstitutereport#+XXXJX\'d#JX\XX+XԀGRI @ 96/0396.5, EvaluationofMitigationMethodsforAccidentalLNGReleases.Volume5:UsingFEM3AforLNGAccidentConsequenceAnalyses.Theuseofalternatemodelswhichtakeintoaccountthesamephysicalfactorsandhavebeenvalidatedbyexperimentaltestdatashallbepermitted,subjecttotheAdministratorsapproval.#+XXXJX\f#JX\XX+X H  (b)Thefollowingdispersionparametersmustbeusedincomputingdispersiondistances:#+XXXJX\1h#JX\XX+X <  `  #+XXXJX\h#JX\XX+X(1)Averagegasconcentrationinair=2.5percent. L  #+XXXJX\Bi#JX\XX+X(2)Dispersionconditionsareacombinationofthosewhichresult  inlongerpredicteddownwinddispersiondistancesthanotherweatherconditionsatthesiteatleast90percentofthetime,basedonfiguresmaintainedbyNationalWeatherServiceoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommerce,orasanalternativewherethemodelusedgiveslongerdistancesatlowerwindspeeds,AtmosphericStability(Pasquill#+XXXJX\i#JX\XX+XԀClass)F,windspeed=4.5milesperhour !  (2.01meters/sec)atreferenceheightof10meters#+XXXJX\k#JX\XX+X,relative "l" humidity=50.0percent,andatmospherictemperature=averageintheregion. && (3)Theelevationforcontour(receptor)outputH=0.5meters.(4)Asurfaceroughnessfactorof0.03metersshallbeused.Highervaluesfortheroughnessfactormaybeusedifitcanbeshownthattheterrainbothupwindanddownwindofthevapor ,t&. cloudhasdensevegetationandthatthevaporcloudheightismorethantentimestheheightoftheobstaclesencounteredbythevaporcloud.(C)Thedesignspillshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithsection22.3.3ofANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\fl#JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\+o#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\no#JX\XX+XԀ193.2061193.2065[RemovedandReserved] H   10.Sections193.2061through193.2065areremovedandreserved.    #+XXXJX\o#JX\XX+X 11.Section193.2067isamendedbyrevisingparagraphs(b)(1)and D (b)(2)(i)toreadasfollows:  0 #+XXXJX\p#JX\XX+X193.2067Windforces  d ***#+XXXJX\jq#JX\XX+X󀀀**#+XXXJX\q#JX\XX+X l, (b)***(1)ForshopfabricatedcontainersofLNGorotherhazardousfluidswithacapacityofnotmorethan70,000gallons,applicablewindloaddatainASCE7.(2)***#+XXXJX\:r#JX\XX+X $$ (i)Anassumedsustainedwindvelocityofnotlessthan150milesperhour,unlesstheAdministratorfindsalowervelocityisjustifiedbyadequatesupportivedata;or***#+XXXJX\Js#JX\XX+X󀀀**#+XXXJX\Ut#JX\XX+X x+8%,  $-&.  #+XXXJX\t#JX\XX+XԀ193.2069193.2073[RemovedandReserved]#+XXXJX\u# JX\XX+X @ 12.Sections193.2069through193.2073areremovedandreserved.#+XXXJX\u#JX\XX+X  #+XXXJX\%v#JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\|v# JX\XX+XSubpartCDesign  `  13.Section193.2101isrevisedtoreadasfollows:    193.2101Scope.  T  EachLNGfacilitydesignedafter (inserteffectivedateofthe   finalrule) #+XXXJX\v#JX\XX+XԀmustcomply withrequirementsofthispartandof  ANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\x#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\x#JX\XX+XIntheeventofaconflictbetweenthispartand l ANSI/NFPA59A,thispartprevails.#+XXXJX\y#JX\XX+X X  #+XXXJX\y#JX\XX+XԀ193.2103193.2117#+XXXJX\z#JX\XX+X[RemovedandReserved] #+XXXJX\fz#JX\XX+X p 14.Sections193.2103through193.2117areremovedandreserved.#+XXXJX\z# JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\_{#JX\XX+XԀ193.2119Records #+XXXJX\{#JX\XX+X !  ***** #+XXXJX\|#JX\XX+XԀ193.2121193.2153#+XXXJX\|#JX\XX+X[RemovedandReserved] #+XXXJX\|#JX\XX+X $' & 15.Sections193.2121through193.2153areremovedandreserved.#+XXXJX\1}#JX\XX+X ("( #+XXXJX\}#JX\XX+X16.Section193.2155isamendedbyremovingparagraph(b), D,&, redsignatingparagraph(c)asparagraph(b),andrevising -'. paragraph(a)introductorytextandnewlydesignatedparagraph(b)toreadasfollows:#+XXXJX\ ~# JX\XX+X193.2155Structuralrequirements.  D  (a)Thestructuralmembersofanimpoundmentsystemmustbedesignedandconstructedtopreventimpairmentofthesystemsperformancereliabilityandstructuralintegrityasaresultofthefollowing:***#+XXXJX\Z#JX\XX+X󀀀**#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X |  #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X(b)AnLNGstoragetankmustnotbelocatedwithinahorizontal h( distanceof#+XXXJX\[#JX\XX+Xonemile(1.6km)fromtheends,or1/4mile(0.4km)  fromthenearestpointofarunway,whicheverislonger.TheheightofLNGstructuresinthevicinityofanairport#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀmust#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀalso l, complywithFederalAviationAdministrationrequirementsin14CFRSection1.1#+XXXJX\D#JX\XX+X.   #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ193.2157193.2159[RemovedandReserved] #+XXXJX\U#JX\XX+X !  17.Sections193.2157through193.2159areremovedandreserved. "" #+XXXJX\ń#JX\XX+X18.Section193.2161isrevisedtoreadasfollows: <&&   193.2161Dikes,general.  )`#* Anouterwallofacomponentservedbyanimpoundingsystemmaynotbeusedasadikeunlesstheouterwallisconstructedofconcrete. #+XXXJX\x#JX\XX+XԀ193.2163 #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ 193.2165[Removedandreserved]#+XXXJX\>#JX\XX+X   #+XXXJX\# JX\XX+X19.Sections193.2163through193.2165areremovedandreserved.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X x  20.Section193.2167isrevisedtoreadasfollows:#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X 193.2167Coveredsystems. #+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+X h( Acoveredimpoundingsystemisprohibitedexceptforconcretewalldesignedtankswheretheconcretewallisanouterwallservingasadike.#+XXXJX\u#JX\XX+X H  #+XXXJX\Y# JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ193.2169#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ193.2171 [Removedandreserved] #+XXXJX\O#JX\XX+X  #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X21.Sections193.2169through193.2171areremovedandreserved. h 22.Section193.2173isamendedbyrevisingparagraphs(a)and T!  (b)toreadasfollows: #"  193.2173Waterremoval. d&$ &  #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X(a)Impoundmentareasmustbeconstructedsuchthatallareas ,(!( draincompletelytopreventwatercollection.Drainagepumpsand pipingmustbeprovidedtoremovewaterfromcollectinginthe +D%, impoundmentarea.AlternativemeansofdrainingmaybeacceptablesubjecttotheAdministratorsapproval.   #+XXXJX\m#JX\XX+X(b)Thewaterremovalsystemmusthaveadequatecapacityto  X removewater#+XXXJX\4#JX\XX+Xatarate#+XXXJX\ӏ#JX\XX+Xequalto25%ofthemaximumpredictable D  collectionratefromastormof10yearfrequencyand1hourduration,andothernaturalcauses.Forrainfallamounts,operatorsmustusethe RainfallFrequencyAtlasoftheUnitedStatespublishedbytheNationalWeatherServiceoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommerce.*****#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X L   #+XXXJX\Ƒ#JX\XX+XԀ193.2175193.2179#+XXXJX\)#JX\XX+X[Removedandreserved] #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X d 23.Sections193.2175through193.2179areremovedandreserved.#+XXXJX\ے#JX\XX+X24.Section193.2181isrevisedtoreadasfollows:  #+XXXJX\s#JX\XX+X 193.2181Impoundmentcapacity:LNGstoragetanks.  4!  EachimpoundingsystemservinganLNGstoragetankmusthavea "" minimumvolumetricliquidimpoundmentcapacityof:(a)110percentoftheLNGtanksmaximumliquidcapacityforanimpoundmentservingasingletank;  (!( (b)100percentofalltanksor110percentofthelargesttanksmaximumliquidcapacity,whicheverisgreater,fortheimpoundmentservingmorethanonetank;or  -&. (c)Ifthedikeisdesignedtoaccountforasurgeintheeventofcatastrophicfailure,thentheimpoundmentcapacitymaybereducedto100percentinlieuof110percent. 193.2183#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀand193.2185[Removedandreserved]#+XXXJX\'#JX\XX+X    25.Sections193.2183and1913.2185areremovedandreserved.     26.Section193.2187isrevisedtoreadasfollows: H   #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X193.2187N#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+Xonmetallicmembraneliner.  | Aflammablenonmetallicmembranelinermaynotbeusedasaninnercontainerinastoragetank.#+XXXJX\ޘ#JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ193.2189193.2233[RemovedandReserved]  T 27.Sections193.2189through193.2233areremovedandreserved. \ #+XXXJX\H# JX\XX+XSubpartDConstruction  !  28.Section193.2301isrevisedtoreadasfollows: @%$  193.2301#+XXXJX\0#JX\XX+XԀScope #+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+X. (d"( EachLNGfacilityconstructedafter (inserteffectivedateofthe l*,$*  finalrule #+XXXJX\T#JX\XX+X)mustcomplywithrequirementsofthispartandof 4,%, ANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\"#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XIntheeventofaconflictbetweenthispartand @ ANSI/NFPA59A,thispartprevails.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X   #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X29.Section193.2303isamendedbyaddingaphrase and P  ANSI/NFPA59A.attheendoftheparagraph. 193.2304#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀCorrosioncontroloverview #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X.#+XXXJX\K#JX\XX+X p0  ***** 8   193.2305193.2319[RemovedandReserved] #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X \ 30.Sections193.2305through193.2319areremovedandreserved.#+XXXJX\N#JX\XX+X d$ #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\E#JX\XX+X31#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X.Section193.2321isrevisedtoreadasfollows:   193.2321Nondestructivetests. #+XXXJX\բ#JX\XX+XԀThebuttweldsinmetalshellsofstoragetankswithinternal   designpressureabove15psigmustberadiographicallytestedinaccordancewiththe#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCode#+XXXJX\r#JX\XX+XԀ(Section \#" VIIIDivision1),#+XXXJX\٤#JX\XX+XԀexceptthathydraulicloadbearingshellswith %$ curvedsurfacesthataresubjecttocryogenictemperatures,100percentofbothlongitudinal(ormeridional)andcircumferential(orlatitudinal)weldsmustberadiographicallytested. #+XXXJX\J#JX\XX+XԀ193.2323193.2329[RemovedandReserved] #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X d-$'. 32.Sections193.2323through193.2329areremovedandreserved.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X SubpartEEquipment #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X  X 33.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀSection193.2401#+XXXJX\V#JX\XX+XԀisrevised#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀtoreadasfollows:   #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X  193.2401#+XXXJX\a#JX\XX+XԀScope #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X.#+XXXJX\ #JX\XX+XԀ p0  After (inserteffectivedateofthefinalrule #+XXXJX\T#JX\XX+X),eachnew, 8  replaced,relocatedorsignificantlyalteredvaporizationequipment,liquefactionequipment,andcontrolsystems#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀmustbe l designed,fabricated,andinstalled#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ inaccordancewith X requirementsofthispartandofANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\5#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\լ#JX\XX+XIntheeventof  aconflictbetweenthispartandANSI/NFPA59A,thispartprevails.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X `       \ #+XXXJX\ǭ#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\[#JX\XX+XԀ193.2403193.2439[RemovedandReserved] #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X t 34.Sections193.2403and193.2439areremovedandreserved.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X |!<  #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ193.2441 #+XXXJX\L#JX\XX+XԀ Controlcenter.  $$ #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X*****  &\ & #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\r#JX\XX+XԀ193.2443 #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ [Removedandreserved]  *#*  X,35.Section193.2443isremovedandreserved. -D'. #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\ܲ#JX\XX+XԀ193.2445SourcesofPower @  #+XXXJX\%#JX\XX+X*****#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X   h       #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X SubpartFOperation #+XXXJX\t#JX\XX+X `   #+XXXJX\Ҵ# JX\XX+X36.#+XXXJX\/#JX\XX+XԀSection193.2521inSubpartF#+XXXJX\u#JX\XX+XԀisrevised#+XXXJX\յ#JX\XX+XԀtoreadasfollows:#+XXXJX\"#JX\XX+X    #+XXXJX\x#JX\XX+X193.2521Operatingrecords. #+XXXJX\ֶ#JX\XX+X 8  Eachoperatorshallmaintainarecordofresultsofeach   inspection,testandinvestigationrequiredbythissubpart.ForeachLNGfacilitythatisdesignedandconstructedafter (insert X effectivedateofthefinalrule) theoperatorshallalso   maintainrelatedinspection,testing,andinvestigationrecordsthatANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\>#JX\XX+XԀrequires.Suchrecords,wetherrequiredby T thispartorANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\$#JX\XX+X,mustbekeptforaperiodofnotless @ thanfiveyears.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X SubpartGMaintenance #+XXXJX\P#JX\XX+X D#" #+XXXJX\# JX\XX+X37.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀSection193.2619inSubpartG#+XXXJX\T#JX\XX+XԀisamendedbyrevising &x & paragraph(c)introductorytexttoreadasfollows:#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X d($"(  193.2619Controlsystems. +|%,  *****#+XXXJX\U#JX\XX+X -D'. (c)Controlsystemsinservice,butnotnormallyinoperation,suchasreliefvalvesandautomaticshutdowndevices,andcontrolsystemsforinternalshutoffvalvesforbottompenetrationtanksmustbeinspectedandtestedonceeachcalenderyear,notexceeding15months,withthefollowingexceptions:*****38.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀSection193.2639inSubpartG#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀisamendedbyrevising   paragraph(a)toreadasfollows:#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X `   193.2639Maintenancerecords.   (a)EachoperatorshallkeeparecordateachLNGplantofthe  dateandtypeofeachmaintenanceactivityperformedoneachcomponenttomeettherequirementsofthispart.ForeachLNGfacilitythatisdesignedandconstructedafter (inserteffective  dateofthefinalrule) theoperatorshallalsomaintainrelated L periodicinspectionandtestingrecordsthatANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X T!  requires.Maintenancerecords,wetherrequiredbythispartorANSI/NFPA59A#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X,#+XXXJX\}#JX\XX+XԀmustbekeptforaperiodofnotlessthanfive $l$ years.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀ X& & #+XXXJX\M#JX\XX+X***** )p#*  SubpartIFireProtection #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X -&. Ї#+XXXJX\6#JX\XX+X39.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀSection193.2801#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀisrevised#+XXXJX\&#JX\XX+XԀtoreadasfollows: @ #+XXXJX\s#JX\XX+X 193.2801#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XԀScope #+XXXJX\1#JX\XX+X.#+XXXJX\|#JX\XX+XԀ#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X  t #+XXXJX\#JX\XX+XEachLNGfacility #+XXXJX\_#JX\XX+XԀmustmeetfirepreventionandfirecontrol | < provisionsof ANSI/NFPA59A.#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X (  #+XXXJX\c#JX\XX+X#+XXXJX\#JX\XX+X #+XXXJX\